<\/span><\/h2>\nA human bite occurs as a result of human teeth penetrating the skin. This can happen on purpose if someone forcibly bites into another person's flesh or it can happen as an accident. Human bites have a high rate of infection<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/span>Causes of human bite<\/span><\/h2>\n\n- Violent behavior, often involving alcohol.<\/li>\n
- Domestic violence and child abuse<\/li>\n
- rough play in daycare<\/li>\n
- sports accidents<\/li>\n
- Aggressive sexual play or assault<\/li>\n
- Thumb sucking or nail biting\n<\/li>\n
- Occupational injuries to workers in the dental field.<\/li>\n
- Seizure-related tongue injury<\/li>\n
- Self-inflicted wounds in those emotionally or mentally unstable1<\/sup>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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<\/span>Symptoms and signs of a human bite.<\/span><\/h2>\nThe bite area will probably be painful and tender to the touch. The bite results in a semicircular or oval red. patch<\/span> and may have bruising associated with it.2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/span>Human bite in children<\/span><\/h3>\nChildren often get bite wounds as a result of rough play. The wounds are usually located on the face, upper arms, and trunk. If the bite mark has an intercanine distance of 3 cm or more, consider adult abuse.2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/span>Human bite in adolescents<\/span><\/h3>\nTeenagers often have clenched fist injuries where their teeth have scratched their knuckles. These often present as small lacerations, particularly over the third and fourth metacarpophalangeal joints or the proximal<\/span> interphalangeal<\/span> joints of the dominant hand.2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/span>Signs of infection<\/span><\/h3>\nSigns of infection include:1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n- Fever<\/span><\/li>\n
- Redness<\/li>\n
- Swelling<\/li>\n
- Sensitivity<\/li>\n
- \nPurulent<\/span> download<\/span> From the wound.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Complications of human bites.<\/span><\/h2>\nHuman bites have a higher risk of infection than wounds from animal bites. This is due to the extensive bacterial<\/span> flora of the mouth and human skin. One study found that in 50 patients who had an infected human bite, on average, four isolates were cultured per wound. Pathogens<\/span> in human bite wounds included both aerobic<\/span> and anaerobic<\/span> bacteria<\/span> as:3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n- Streptococci<\/li>\n
- Staphylococcus aureus<\/li>\n
- Eikenella<\/li>\n
- Fusobacterium<\/li>\n
- Peptostreptococcus<\/li>\n
- Prevotella<\/li>\n
- Porphyromonas spp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Complications that can arise from a bite wound infection include:1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n- \nSubcutaneous<\/span> abscesses\n<\/li>\n
- Osteomyelitis<\/span><\/li>\n
- \nSeptic<\/span> arthritis<\/span> and tendonitis, especially if it is over the knuckle area<\/li>\n
- \nBacteremia<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
A retrospective study found that bite wounds that were larger than 3 mm or perforated had a three-fold increase in infection compared to other wounds.4 4<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/span>Management of human bites<\/span><\/h2>\nWounds that have not penetrated the skin are not a cause for concern unless abuse is suspected; The resulting bruise will heal on its own.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Initial management<\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Wounds that have broken the surface of the skin must be stabilized.<\/li>\n
- Stop active bleeding by applying direct pressure.<\/li>\n
- Assess neurovascular function and extent of damage. distal<\/span> to the wound<\/li>\n
- Irrigate the wound with sterile saline<\/span> solution<\/span> and remove visible remains<\/li>\n
- The fabric may require debridement<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Patients with infected bite wounds on initial evaluation should be sent to the hospital for evaluation and appropriate therapy.5 5<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/span>Human bite wound care<\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Swabs should be taken to assist in antibiotic management, especially if the patient is at high risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), for example, those who have been in the hospital recently, drug users, the military, etc<\/li>\n
- Wounds should be elevated to relieve swelling and pain.<\/li>\n
- In closed fist injuries, the hand should be immobilized in a position of maximum ligament length.<\/li>\n
- Human bite wounds are generally left to heal by secondary intention, the main exception being facial wounds which are managed by plastic surgeons.5 5<\/sup>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Antibiotics<\/span><\/h3>\nEven if a bite wound does not appear infected, prophylactic<\/span> Oral antibiotics are recommended for 3 to 5 days, especially if:<\/p>\n\n- The bite occurred on the hand or near a bone or joint.<\/li>\n
- The bite wound was deep.<\/li>\n
- The wound was surgically repaired<\/li>\n
- Associated with a crush injury<\/li>\n
- It happened in a immunocompromised<\/span> patient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
If signs of infection are found on follow-up, the course of antibiotics can be extended and the swabs repeated.5 5<\/sup> The agent of choice is amoxicillin-clavulanate. Alternative agents include a combination of antibiotics with activity against Eikenella corrodens (e.g., doxycycline) and an antibiotic with anaerobic activity (e.g., metronidazole).6 6<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/span>Vaccination<\/span><\/h3>\nTetanus immunoglobulin and tetanus toxoid should be offered to patients with less than two primary<\/span> vaccines Those without a recent booster (last five years) may be offered tetanus toxoid alone.5 5<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Introducci\u00f3n Una mordedura humana ocurre como resultado de la penetraci\u00f3n de los dientes humanos en la piel. Esto puede suceder a prop\u00f3sito si alguien muerde a la fuerza la carne…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11148","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/11148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11148"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/11148\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}