{"id":16481,"date":"2020-04-28T11:52:18","date_gmt":"2020-04-28T14:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/es\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/"},"modified":"2020-10-30T07:36:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T10:36:46","slug":"immunodeficiency","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Immunodeficiency"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/#%C2%BFQue-es-la-inmunodeficiencia\" >What is immunodeficiency?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/#Primario-enfermedades-de-inmunodeficiencia\" >Primary immunodeficiency diseases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/#Inmunodeficiencia-adquirida\" >Acquired immunodeficiency<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/#Inmunosupresion-por-drogas\" >Drug immunosuppression<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/#%C2%BFComo-se-relacionan-las-infecciones-de-la-piel-con-la-inmunodeficiencia\" >How are skin infections related to immunodeficiency?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/inmunodeficiencia\/#%C2%BFQue-pruebas-deben-hacerse-para-la-inmunodeficiencia-o-inmunosupresion\" >What tests should be done for immunodeficiency or immunosuppression?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"textBlock\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFQue-es-la-inmunodeficiencia\"><\/span>What is immunodeficiency?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Immunodeficiency can be caused by inherited syndromes, infections, medications, medical conditions, pregnancy, aging, and many other factors. Immunodeficiency is defined as the improper functioning of the immune system. Gravity varies and leads to different types of <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"145\">infection<\/span>. It can occur at multiple points through the immune response. So it can lead to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Serious <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"937\">bacterial<\/span> infections (eg. <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Severe fungal infection (eg, oral yeast infection)<\/li>\n<li>Persistent viral infections (eg, extensive molluscum contagiosum)<\/li>\n<li>Do not thrive in babies and children.<\/li>\n<li>Infections due to unusual or opportunistic. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"883\">organisms<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>Delayed recovery from illness.<\/li>\n<li>Non infectious <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1076\">granulomatous<\/span> skin disorders<\/li>\n<li>Certain types of cancer such as Epstein Barr virus associated B cells <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"976\">lymphoma<\/span>, Merkel cell associated with polyomavirus <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"32\">carcinoma<\/span> and Kaposi associated with the human herpes virus 8 <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1665\">sarcoma<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Immunodeficient people who feel bad should be carefully evaluated, and the infection should be treated aggressively.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Primario-enfermedades-de-inmunodeficiencia\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"949\">Primary<\/span> immunodeficiency diseases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Primary immunodeficiency diseases are present from birth and persist throughout life. They are due to infrequent or rare <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"558\">genetic<\/span> defects, and there is often a family history of the condition. The World Health Organization lists 185 different primary immunodeficiency diseases. They include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Common variable immune deficiency<\/li>\n<li>X-linked agammaglobulinemia<\/li>\n<li>Selective IgA deficiency<\/li>\n<li>Severe combined immune deficiency<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"319\">Chronic<\/span> granulomatous disease<\/li>\n<li>Wiskott-Aldrich <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"350\">syndrome<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Hyper-IgM syndrome<\/li>\n<li>DiGeorge syndrome<\/li>\n<li>IgG subclass and specific deficiency <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"425\">antibody<\/span> deficiency<\/li>\n<li>Ataxia <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"281\">telangiectasia<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Hyper-IgE syndrome<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"465\">Complement<\/span> deficiencies<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"915\">Interleukin<\/span> 7 deficiency (predisposes to viral warts)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\">\n<div class=\"box-placement square-placement\">\n<div class=\"advert__frame\">\n<div id=\"dermnet-dermnet-mobbox\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inmunodeficiencia-adquirida\"><\/span>Acquired immunodeficiency<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The most well-known secondary or acquired immunodeficiency disease is due to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"127\">HIV<\/span>) that leads to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).<\/p>\n<p>Human <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"631\">T cell<\/span> Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) also leads to immunodeficiency.<\/p>\n<p>Cancers, particularly blood disorders that affect white blood cells such as <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"613\">leukemia<\/span> and lymphoma, can lead to severe immune deficiency.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inmunosupresion-por-drogas\"><\/span>Drug immunosuppression<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Immunosuppression is a general buffering of the immune response, generally in response to immunosuppressive drugs. The immune response is still mounted, but it is not as efficient or effective.<\/p>\n<p>Immunosuppressive medications include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"380\">Systemic<\/span> corticosteroids (for children, prednisone&gt; 2 mg \/ kg \/ day for two weeks or&gt; 1 mg \/ kg \/ day for&gt; four weeks), which suppress <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"419\">T <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"421\">lymphocytes<\/span><\/span>  via TH1, TH2 and TH17<\/li>\n<li>High doses of methotrexate\n<\/li>\n<li>Cyclosporine<\/li>\n<li>Azathioprine<\/li>\n<li>Mycophenolate<\/li>\n<li>Cyclophosphamide<\/li>\n<li>Biological agents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lower doses or shorter cycles of systemic steroids are not considered to be significantly immunosuppressive. The low dose of methotrexate used for skin conditions mainly acts as an anti<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"490\">inflammatory<\/span> drug and is only weakly immunosuppressive.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFComo-se-relacionan-las-infecciones-de-la-piel-con-la-inmunodeficiencia\"><\/span>How are skin infections related to immunodeficiency?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Skin infections become more common as the amount of CD4 + increases. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1025\">T lymphocytes<\/span> reduces.<\/p>\n<p>Slight reduction in CD4 + T-<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"420\">lymphocyte<\/span> The count (&gt; 200) is part of normal aging. This leads to an increase <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"578\">incidence<\/span> of <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/infeccion-de-herpes\/\" title=\"Herpes zoster\">Herpes zoster<\/a> (shingles) and in countries where it is <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1676\">predominant<\/span>, classic or old world Kaposi&#039;s sarcoma.<\/p>\n<p>Moderate reduction on CD4 + <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1024\">T lymphocytes<\/span> The count (200-50) occurs in some elderly patients, newborns, and in primary immunodeficiency diseases. Deficient T lymphocytes tend to produce the TH2 class of <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"434\">cytokines<\/span>, which lead to improvement <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1336\">allergic reactions<\/span> characterized by <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"449\">eosinophilic<\/span> Infiltrations These include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"922\">Atopic<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"491\">eczema<\/span> with staphylococcal infection\n<\/li>\n<li>Improved and persistent insect bite reactions, often with blisters<\/li>\n<li>Eosinophilic folliculitis<\/li>\n<li>Transient <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1344\">acantholytic<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"60\">skin disease<\/span> (Grover&#039;s disease)<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"243\">Prurigo<\/span> (itchy red bumps)<\/li>\n<li>Eosinophilic cellulitis<\/li>\n<li>Hypereosinophilic syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Eosinophilic disorder of myeloproliferative disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Infections can include extensive viral warts and crusted scabies.<\/p>\n<p>Severe reduction in CD4 + T lymphocyte count (<50) generalmente indica infecci\u00f3n con VIH. Conduce a manifestaciones inusuales de infecci\u00f3n e infecci\u00f3n con organismos que normalmente son inofensivos en individuos sanos. Parece que el sistema inmune tolera la presencia de organismos que normalmente lucha para erradicar la piel. Ejemplos incluyen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"299\">Warty<\/span> or ectimatous forms of herpes zoster (CD4 <25),<\/li>\n<li>Bacillary <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1347\">angiomatosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Cryptococcosis<\/li>\n<li>Kaposi&#039;s sarcoma associated with HIV\n<\/li>\n<li>Hairy leukoplakia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\">\n<div class=\"box-placement square-placement\">\n<div class=\"advert__frame\">\n<div id=\"dermnet-dermnet-mobbox\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFQue-pruebas-deben-hacerse-para-la-inmunodeficiencia-o-inmunosupresion\"><\/span>What tests should be done for immunodeficiency or <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1698\">immunosuppression<\/span>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Because the onset of skin conditions is often different in immunosuppressed individuals compared to normal conditions, unusual conditions and infections should be considered. The tests include repeated:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Swabs for viruses and bacteria <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"837\">culture<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>Scrapings for mycology\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1111\">Biopsies<\/span> for <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"129\">histopathology<\/span> and microbiological cultures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la inmunodeficiencia? La inmunodeficiencia puede ser causada por s\u00edndromes hereditarios, infecciones, medicamentos, afecciones m\u00e9dicas, embarazo, envejecimiento y muchos otros factores. La inmunodeficiencia se define como el funcionamiento inadecuado&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16481","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/16481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16481"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/16481\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}