<\/span><\/h2>\nIodine is a natural element that is essential for all living things. organisms<\/span>. Iodine is a member of a group of non-metallic elements called halogens; other halogens include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.<\/p>\n<\/span>What is iodine used for?<\/span><\/h2>\nIodine is used topically, orally, and by injection:<\/p>\n
\n- Iodine is commonly used in current<\/span> antiseptics\n<\/li>\n
- Oral iodine is used in the treatment of some thyroid diseases.\n<\/li>\n
- Iodine is used in radiological<\/span> X-ray contrast media including Connecticut<\/span> scans, cholecystograms and pyelograms, either orally or by injection into the bloodstream<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Iodine can also be ingested<\/span> in foods like algae, shellfish, and iodized salt. Small amounts of iodine are found in vegetables and meat.<\/p>\n\n<\/span>Iodine<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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<\/span>Iodine allergy<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/h2>\nThe term "iodine allergy" is commonly used, but it is actually a misnomer. Iodine is a trace element present throughout the body and is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. It is not possible to have a true allergy to elemental iodine.<\/p>\n
"Iodine allergy" generally refers to an allergic-type reaction to iodinated X-ray contrast media, or, less frequently, to an allergic contact reaction to povidone-iodine antiseptics (Betadine \u2122).<\/p>\n
<\/span>\nCutaneous<\/span> reactions to iodinated radiological contrast media<\/span><\/h2>\nThese reactions can be classified as immediate and not immediate:<\/p>\n
\n- Immediate reactions generally begin within 20 minutes after administration of the contrast media and include itching, redness, urticaria<\/span> (urticaria), angioedema<\/span> and anaphylaxis<\/span>.<\/li>\n
- Non-immediate reactions start more than an hour after administration and include urticaria, angioedema, maculopapular. eruption<\/span> or rarely, more severe reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome<\/span> \/ \/ toxic<\/span> epidermal<\/span> necrolysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The new iodinated contrast media have improved chemical properties and the incidence<\/span> of these types of reactions is now much lower.<\/p>\nMost of the previous reactions to contrast media are not true. hypersensitivity<\/span> reactions (immunoglobulin<\/span> me antibodies<\/span> are not involved) The reactions are called idiosyncratic, and unlike true hypersensitivity reactions, sensitization<\/span> for the agent it is not required, nor are these reactions constantly repeated in an individual.<\/p>\n<\/span>Risk factors for reactions to contrast media<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n| Risk factor<\/th>\n | administration<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| History of a previous reaction to iodinated contrast media.<\/td>\n | \n\n- This is the most important risk factor for future reactions.<\/li>\n
- Iodine contrast media should not be used if a previous reaction was severe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| History of asthma, food allergy, or allergy to other medications.<\/td>\n | \n\n- Seafood allergy is often mistakenly believed to prevent the use of iodinated contrast media. However, shellfish allergy is not related to iodine.<\/li>\n
- Although shellfish allergy is not a specific risk factor for a reaction to iodinated contrast media, a history of any moderate or severe allergic disorder increases the risk. Use with caution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| Significant cardiovascular disease or use of beta-blocker medications<\/td>\n | \n\n- Use iodinated contrast media with caution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n \n \n \n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n <\/span>Allergic contact reactions to povidone iodine<\/span><\/h2>\nPovidone iodine is a commonly used antibacterial agent that is a compound of iodine and povidone, along with other additives. Povidone is also used in other products such as food, medications (eg, antihistamines, diuretics, and pain relievers), hair<\/span> products and toothpaste.<\/p>\nAllergic contact reactions to povidone-iodine preparations are rare and can be difficult to distinguish from a irritating<\/span> contact reaction to povidone iodine. Both reactions can cause redness, hardening<\/span> (firmness) and multiple small blisters.<\/p>\nPatch<\/span> Tests are often used to help diagnose an allergic contact reaction. However, false positive reactions may occur in this case due to the irritating properties of povidone-iodine under occlusion<\/span>. When a positive patch test reaction occurs to povidone-iodine, it is important to confirm the results with other tests, such as the repeated open-label test (ROAT).<\/p>\nSystemic<\/span> reactions to povidone-iodine antiseptics (eg. generalized<\/span> urticaria and anaphylaxis) are extremely rare and are believed to be caused by povidone, rather than iodine.<\/p>\n<\/span>\nCross reactivity<\/span> between povidone-iodine antiseptics and iodine contrast media<\/span><\/h2>\n | | |