xerosis<\/a><\/span><\/span>), which is observed by more than half of the patients. This can cause itching. SS patients also sweat less than people without the disease. Although these symptoms are common, most SS patients are more bothered by dry mouth and dry eyes. Vaginal dryness can also occur.<\/p>\nVasculitis<\/span> (inflammation<\/span> of blood vessels<\/span>) is potentially more serious. This develops in approximately 10% of patients with primary SS and affects the skin in half of them (cutaneous<\/span> small vessel vasculitis). Skin lesions generally present as multiple purple or reddish brown spots. The color is due to bleeding from small inflamed vessels. Vasculitic skin lesions are more common and prominent on the legs, but can develop anywhere. They may present as flat red spots, raised bumps, blisters, ulcers<\/span> or a high urticaria<\/span>-I like it cure<\/span>.<\/p>\nOther skin changes that have been reported in primary SS include:<\/p>\n
\n- \nCancel<\/span> erythema<\/span> (red ring-shaped patches) has been observed in Japanese patients<\/li>\n
- Livedo<\/span> reticularis<\/li>\n
- Erythema nodosum<\/li>\n
- Diffuse<\/span> hair<\/span> lost<\/li>\n
- Vitiligo<\/li>\n
- Raynaud's phenomenon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
<\/span>Sjogren's syndrome - cutaneous vasculitis<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Sjogren's Vasculitis<\/p>\n
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Sjogren's Vasculitis<\/p>\n
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Sjogren's Vasculitis<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/span>Involvement of other organs in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>Gastrointestinal system<\/span><\/h3>\nRarely, the gastrointestinal system can be affected in SS. The resulting dryness can inflame the lining of the esophagus (esophagitis<\/span>) and the stomach (atrophic<\/span> gastritis).<\/p>\n<\/span>Light<\/span><\/h3>\nAlthough SS can affect the lungs, it is rarely serious. The most common manifestation is a dry cough, due to dryness of the small airways.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Joints<\/span><\/h3>\nUp to 60% of people with SS will eventually develop at least one episode of arthralgia<\/span> (joint pain) or arthritis (inflammation within the joint). Arthritis generally does not produce erosion<\/span> joint structures or joint deformity.<\/p>\n<\/span>Kidneys<\/span><\/h3>\nKidney involvement is more common if SS is present as part of an overlap syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus. It can affect the kidneys in several ways, including interstitial<\/span> nephritis<\/span>, kidney stones or glomerulonephritis.<\/p>\n<\/span>Vasculitis<\/span><\/h3>\nPrimary SS vasculitis can damage the kidneys, lungs, nerves<\/span> and joints. Fevers and anemia<\/span> It may also be present. Involvement of the internal organs is more likely if vasculitis is associated with cryoglobulins (a special form of protein that precipitates at low temperatures). Some patients with primary SS and vasculitis have an underlying B cell. lymphoma<\/span> (Cancer<\/span> of the lymphatic<\/span> system).<\/p>\n\n
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<\/span>Long-term forecast<\/span> Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome<\/span><\/h2>\nIn long-term studies, reduced glandular function in SS has not been observed to improve. If arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, or interstitial nephritis are present early in the course of the disease, they can resolve with treatment and time. Worst forecast<\/span> Factors include the presence of glomerulonephritis, decreased C4 blood levels complement<\/span>, vasculitis and cryoglobulinemia.<\/p>\n<\/span>Laboratory tests for Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome<\/span><\/h2>\nIn people with symptoms that are consistent with SS, a variety of tests can be done to help confirm the diagnosis.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Schirmer test<\/span><\/h3>\nThis measures the wetting of a standardized tear strip applied between the eyeball and the side<\/span> edge of lower eyelid. The test is considered positive if the result is less than 5 mm in 5 minutes.<\/p>\n<\/span>\nBiopsy<\/span> of salivary glands in the mouth.<\/span><\/h3>\nA typical inflammatory cell infiltrate supports the diagnosis.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies (blood tests).<\/span><\/h3>\nIn the correct clinical setting, the presence of these antibodies supports the diagnosis of SS.<\/p>\n
Other tests that can be performed in special circumstances include measurement of salivary flow, parotid gland<\/span> sialography and salivary scintigraphy.<\/p>\n<\/span>Treatment of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome<\/span><\/h2>\nThe basis of treatment for dry eyes, dry mouth and dry skin is to minimize symptoms by replacing reduced secretions. There is no cure for the SS. Immunosuppressive medication is reserved for cases that have internal organ involvement and is most often used for severe kidney or lung disease.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Dry eyes<\/span><\/h3>\nArtificial tears and ocular<\/span> Lubricants are the most used. In severe cases, these may be necessary as often as every 30 minutes.<\/p>\n<\/span>Dry mouth<\/span><\/h3>\nThe patient usually takes an increase in oral fluid as a method of trying to relieve symptoms. Other measures include the use of artificial saliva that can come in the form of gels, lozenges, or sprays. There is also a medicine called pilocarpine that can increase the secretion of damaged glands, although it does not cure the problem or reverse damage to the glands. Pilocarpine can be taken in tablets with each meal and at bedtime to increase saliva. Stop smoking, if applicable.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Dry Skin<\/span><\/h3>\nMoisturizers and emollients<\/span> It can be applied as needed. Choose a soap-free cleaner. A standard water-based lubricant can be used to relieve dryness of the vagina.<\/p>\n<\/span>Arthritis<\/span><\/h3>\nNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory<\/span> Drugs are the first-line medication for joint pain. Prednisone may be prescribed for severe illness or if symptoms do not improve with nonsteroidal treatment. Hydroxychloroquine has also been found to be helpful in some people.<\/p>\n<\/span>Vasculitis<\/span><\/h3>\nSystemic steroids (prednisone) and immunosuppressive medications such as azathioprine may be necessary.<\/p>\n
Patients with SS should try to avoid medications with anticholinergic side effects (tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, antipsychotics, and antihistamines), as these can aggravate the symptoms of dryness.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00bfQu\u00e9 es Sj\u00f6gren? s\u00edndrome? El s\u00edndrome de Sj\u00f6gren (SS) es un autoinmune enfermedad que afecta principalmente a las gl\u00e1ndulas secretarias de los ojos y la boca, evitando que produzcan l\u00e1grimas…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16546","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/16546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16546"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/16546\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}