<\/span><\/h2>\nUrticaria is a skin condition characterized by cure<\/span> (urticaria) or angioedema<\/span> (swellings, in 10%) or both (in 40%). There are several types of hives.<\/p>\n\n- The name urticaria is derived from the common European nettle. Urtica dioica<\/em>.<\/li>\n
- A bump<\/span> (or bump<\/span>) is a superficial swelling of pale or skin color, usually surrounded by erythema<\/span> (redness) that lasts from a few minutes to 24 hours. Usually itchy, may have a burning sensation.<\/li>\n
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Angioedema is a deeper swelling inside the skin or mucous<\/span> membranes and can be skin colored or red. It resolves in 72 hours. Angioedema can cause itching or pain but is often asymptomatic<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>What is it chronic<\/span> urticaria?<\/span><\/h2>\nChronic urticaria is hives in which there is daily or episodic scarring or angioedema that is present for more than six weeks. Chronic urticaria can be spontaneous or inducible<\/span>. Both types can coexist.<\/p>\nInducible or physical urticaria is classified according to the stimulus that causes healing.<\/p>\n
\n- Symptomatic dermographism<\/li>\n
- Cold urticaria<\/li>\n
- Cholinergic urticaria<\/li>\n
- Contact urticaria<\/li>\n
- Delayed pressure urticaria<\/li>\n
- Solar urticaria<\/li>\n
- Heat urticaria<\/li>\n
- Vibratory urticaria<\/li>\n
- Aquagenic urticaria<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
<\/span>Chronic urticaria<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Symptomatic dermographism<\/p>\n
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Spontaneous urticaria<\/p>\n
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Spontaneous urticaria<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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See more hives images.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>Who gets chronic hives?<\/span><\/h2>\nChronic spontaneous urticaria affects 0.5-2% of the population; in some series, two-thirds are women. Inducible urticaria is more common than chronic spontaneous urticaria. exist genetic<\/span> and autoimmune<\/span> associations.<\/p>\n<\/span>What are the clinical characteristics of chronic urticaria?<\/span><\/h2>\nHives are characterized by richness.<\/p>\n
\n- Scars can affect any site on the body and tend to be widely distributed. <\/li>\n
- Cracks can be a few millimeters or several centimeters in diameter.<\/li>\n
- They can be white or red, with or without a red flare.<\/li>\n
- Each healing may last a few minutes or several hours and may change shape before resolving.<\/li>\n
- Scars can be round, or form rings, a map-like pattern, or giant patches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Angioedema is more common. located<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n- It commonly affects the face (especially presenting as swollen eyelids and lips), hands, feet and genitals.<\/li>\n
- May involve tongue, uvula, soft palate, and larynx<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
In chronic inducible urticaria, scars appear approximately 5 minutes after the stimulus and last a few minutes or up to an hour. Characteristically, the riches are:<\/p>\n
\n- \nLinear<\/span> in symptomatic dermographism\n<\/li>\n
- Tiny in cholinergic urticaria\n<\/li>\n
- Confined to contact areas in contact urticaria\n<\/li>\n
- \nDiffuse<\/span> in cold hives: if large areas of skin are affected, it can cause fainting (potentially dangerous if swimming in cold water).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The scars are more persistent in chronic spontaneous urticaria, but each one has disappeared or changed shape within 24 hours. They can occur at certain times of the day.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Evaluation of the severity of urticaria.<\/span><\/h3>\nVisual analog term<\/span> The scales can be used to record and compare the degree of itch.<\/p>\nChronic urticaria activity can be assessed using the UAS7 scoring system. Daily healing\/itch scores are added over seven days; The maximum score is 42.<\/p>\n
Score 0<\/p>\n
\n- There are no healings for 24 hours.<\/li>\n
- No itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Score 1<\/p>\n
\n- <20 curas durante 24 horas<\/li>\n
- mild itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Score 2<\/p>\n
\n- 20 to 50 cures during 24 hours<\/li>\n
- moderate itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Score 3<\/p>\n
\n- > 50 cures for 24 hours<\/li>\n
- intense itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The emotional impact of urticaria and its effect on quality of life should also be evaluated. the Dermatology<\/span> Quality of life index (DLQI<\/span>) and CU-Q2<\/sub>OL, a chronic urticaria-specific questionnaire, has been validated for chronic urticaria, where sleep disruption is a particular problem.<\/p>\n<\/span>\nSystemic<\/span> symptoms in chronic spontaneous urticaria<\/span><\/h3>\nSome patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria report several associated systemic symptoms. These include:<\/p>\n
\n- Headache and fatigue<\/li>\n
- Joint pain or inflammation.<\/li>\n
- Wheezing, redness and palpitations.<\/li>\n
- Gastrointestinal symptoms. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>What causes chronic hives?<\/span><\/h2>\nThe scars are due to the release of chemical mediators from the tissue. mast cells<\/span> and circulating basophils<\/span>. These chemical mediators include histamine<\/span>, platelet<\/span>activation factor and cytokines<\/span>. Mediators activate the sensory nerves<\/span> and cause dilation of blood vessels<\/span> and fluid leakage into the surrounding tissues. The release of bradykinin causes angioedema.<\/p>\nSeveral hypotheses have been proposed to explain urticaria. The immune, arachidonic acid and coagulation<\/span> systems are involved and genetic mutations<\/span> are under investigation<\/p>\nChronic spontaneous urticaria is mainly idiopathic<\/span> (unknown cause) An autoimmune cause is likely. Approximately half of the patients investigated carry functional IgG autoantibodies<\/span> to immunoglobulin<\/span> IgE or high affinity receiver<\/span> Fc\u03b5RI\u03b1.<\/p>\nChronic spontaneous urticaria has also been associated with:<\/p>\n
\n- Chronic underlying infection<\/span>, such as Helicobacter pylori, intestinal parasites<\/li>\n
- Chronic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid disease, celiac disease, vitiligo and others.<\/li>\n
- \nLymphoma<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Scars in chronic spontaneous urticaria may be aggravated by:<\/p>\n
\n- Hot<\/li>\n
- Viral infection<\/li>\n
- Tight clothes<\/li>\n
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Pseudoallergy to medications: aspirin, non-steroidal anti-steroidsinflammatory<\/span> drugs, opiates<\/li>\n- Food pseudoallergy: salicylates, azo dyes, food dyes such as tartrazine (102), benzoate preservatives (210-220) and other food additives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inducible urticaria is a response to a physical stimulus.<\/p>\n
Symptomatic dermographism<\/p>\n
\n- Stroking or scratching the skin<\/li>\n
- Tight clothes<\/li>\n
- Drying towels after a hot shower<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Cold urticaria<\/p>\n
\n- cold air in exposed skin<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
- Cold water<\/li>\n
- Block of ice<\/li>\n
- Cryotherapy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Cholinergic urticaria<\/p>\n
\n- exercise-induced sweat<\/li>\n
- Sweat induced by emotional discomfort<\/li>\n
- Hot shower<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Contact urticaria<\/p>\n
\n- Inducing substance absorbed through the skin or mucous membrane<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
- \nAllergens<\/span> (IgE mediated): white flour, cosmetics, textiles, latex, saliva, meat, fish, vegetables<\/li>\n
- Pseudoallergens or irritants<\/span>: nettle, hairy caterpillar, medicines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Delayed pressure urticaria<\/p>\n
\n- Pressure on the affected skin several hours before<\/li>\n
- carry heavy bag<\/li>\n
- Seat belt pressure.<\/li>\n
- Standing on a ladder rung<\/li>\n
- Sitting on a horse<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Solar urticaria<\/p>\n
\n- Sun exposure to non-inhabited body sites<\/li>\n
- It often does not affect the face, neck, or hands.<\/li>\n
- May involve long wavelengths UV<\/span> or visible light<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Heat urticaria<\/p>\n