<\/span><\/h2>\nPropolis is becoming more and more important allergen<\/span>, with European studies reporting positive patch<\/span> Test rates from 1.2 to 6.6%. In a series from Finland, the rate increased from 0.5% in 1995-7 to 1.4% in 2000-2. Another study in children reported an increase from 2% to 13.7% between 1995 and 2002; The 75% of the patch-tested children had used a natural product or alternative medicine remedy. In a 2010 Polish patch test study with children with chronic<\/span> recurrent<\/span> eczema<\/span> and atopy<\/span>, a positive propolis patch test was recorded in 16.5% of children aged 7 to 8 years and in 5.4% of adolescents aged 16 to 17 years. Propolis was the second most common positive patch test positive allergen after nickel in children and the fourth most common in adolescents.<\/p>\nParadoxically, contact stomatitis<\/span> and allergic contact cheilitis to propolis have been reported in a HIV<\/span>positive patient taking a propolis 30% solution<\/span> orally.<\/p>\nExposure to propolis and propolis-related substances can occur in multiple settings.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Occupational<\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Beekeepers \u2013 propolis allergy<\/span> it can develop after many years of exposure. In one study, the average time of exposure before developing allergy to propolis was 9.5 years (range 0.1-35 years).<\/li>\n
- Violinists and fiddlers: Propolis has been a component of Italian varnish for centuries.<\/li>\n
- Cobblers: Beeswax is used for the seams of handmade boots and may be contaminated with propolis.<\/li>\n
- Woodcutters, including forestry workers and farmers, specifically cutting aspens.<\/li>\n
- Artists \u2013 beeswax moldings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Cosmetic products<\/span><\/h3>\n