{"id":6607,"date":"2020-04-22T10:39:08","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T13:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/es\/crioglobulinemia\/"},"modified":"2020-04-27T17:15:30","modified_gmt":"2020-04-27T20:15:30","slug":"cryoglobulinemia","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Cryoglobulinemia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#%C2%BFQue-es-la-crioglobulinemia\" >What is cryoglobulinemia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#Tipos-de-crioglobulinemia\" >Types of cryoglobulinemia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#%C2%BFQuien-contrae-crioglobulinemia\" >Who gets cryoglobulinemia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#%C2%BFCuales-son-las-caracteristicas-clinicas-de-la-crioglobulinemia\" >What are the clinical features of cryoglobulinemia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#Manifestaciones-cutaneas-de-crioglobulinemia\" >Cutaneous manifestations of cryoglobulinemia.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#Crioglobulinemia-que-afecta-las-manos-y-los-pies\" >Cryoglobulinemia affecting the hands and feet.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#Otras-manifestaciones-de-crioglobulinemia\" >Other manifestations of cryoglobulinemia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/crioglobulinemia\/#%C2%BFCual-es-el-tratamiento-para-la-crioglobulinemia\" >What is the treatment for cryoglobulinemia?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"textBlock\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFQue-es-la-crioglobulinemia\"><\/span>What is cryoglobulinemia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Cryoglobulinemia is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of abnormalities <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"427\">immunoglobulin<\/span> proteins in the blood that can <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1496\">precipitate<\/span> out in the tissues at low temperatures and causing <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"148\">inflammation<\/span> and damages.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"428\">Immunoglobulins<\/span> are the kind of proteins that make <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"426\">antibodies<\/span> in response to foreign substances (<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"411\">antigens<\/span>) introduced into the body. In cryoglobulinemia, abnormal immunoglobulins form complexes (cryoglobulins) and precipitate (leach) out of the blood at low temperatures. This causes restricted tissue blood flow and <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"380\">systemic<\/span> inflammation, which leads to many clinical signs and symptoms, including skin lesions, <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"601\">arthralgia<\/span> (joint pain), <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1578\">arthritis<\/span>, <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"753\">vascular<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"250\">purple<\/span> (purple skin marks), <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1349\">livedo<\/span> (marbling pattern) and bleeding conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Cryoglobulinemia often occurs in association with other diseases, particularly <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"691\">autoimmune<\/span> or infectious diseases (this is known as secondary cryoglobulinemia). When it occurs without an associated disease, it is called <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"862\">idiopathic<\/span> or essential cryoglobulinemia.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tipos-de-crioglobulinemia\"><\/span>Types of cryoglobulinemia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Cryoglobulinemia is classified into 3 main types according to the composition of the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"46\">cryoglobulin<\/span> complex. Each type has been found to be associated with certain diseases.<\/p>\n<table class=\"borders\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Cryoglobulin type<\/th>\n<th>Immunoglobulin composition<\/th>\n<th>Associated diseases<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Type I: single <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"466\">monoclonal<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"425\">antibody<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<td>Mainly IgM <br \/>Less frequently IgG and IgA<\/td>\n<td>Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia <br \/><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"319\">Chronic<\/span> lymphocytic <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"613\">leukemia<\/span> <br \/>Multiple myeloma <br \/><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"503\">Lymphadenopathy<\/span> <br \/>Hairy Cell Leukemia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Type II: monoclonal rheumatoid factor mixed antibody (usually IgG or IgM)<\/td>\n<td>IgM-IgG <br \/>IgG-IgG <br \/>IgA-IgG<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia <br \/>Chronic <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"422\">lymphocytic<\/span> leukemia <br \/>Multiple myeloma <br \/>Mixed essential cryoglobulinemia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Type III: mixed antibody with rheumatoid polyclonal factor<\/td>\n<td>IgM-IgG <br \/>IgG-IgG-IgA<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Systemic lupus erythematosus  <br \/>Sj\u00f6gren <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"350\">syndrome<\/span>  <br \/>Rheumatoid arthritis <br \/><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1801\">Hepatitis<\/span> A, B or C  <br \/>Systemic <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"260\">sclerosis<\/span> <br \/><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1091\">Vasculitis<\/span> <br \/>Glomerulonephritis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\">\n<div class=\"box-placement square-placement\">\n<div class=\"advert__frame\">\n<div id=\"dermnet-dermnet-mobbox\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFQuien-contrae-crioglobulinemia\"><\/span>Who gets cryoglobulinemia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Cryoglobulinemia is believed to be rare. Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia occurs in about 1 in 100,000 people. Most cases of cryoglobulinemia have an underlying cause. The type of cryoglobulinemia found in patients is approximately 25% with type I, 25% with type II, and 50% with type III.<\/p>\n<p>It tends to develop between 40 and 60 years of age and affects women more than men in 3: 1.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFCuales-son-las-caracteristicas-clinicas-de-la-crioglobulinemia\"><\/span>What are the clinical features of cryoglobulinemia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The clinical characteristics of cryoglobulinemia differ between the types shown in the table below.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Characteristics of type I cryoglobulinemia<\/th>\n<th>Characteristics of type II and III cryoglobulinemia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Acrocianosis (blue of the hands and feet from the cold<\/li>\n<li>Blue finger syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Retinal <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"120\">hemorrhage<\/span> (bleeding)<\/li>\n<li>Serious <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"256\">Raynaud&#039;s phenomenon<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1177\">Arterial<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"769\">thrombosis<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1286\">Gangrene<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Arthralgia and arthritis in the PIP and MCP joints (finger, hand, and toe joints), knees, and ankles<\/li>\n<li>Fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Myalgia (muscle aches)<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"896\">Renal<\/span> immune complex (kidney) disease<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"47\">Cutaneous<\/span> vasculitis<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1374\">Peripheral<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"400\">neuropathy<\/span> (Numbness of hands and feet)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Manifestaciones-cutaneas-de-crioglobulinemia\"><\/span>Cutaneous manifestations of cryoglobulinemia.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Skin problems are almost always present in patients with cryoglobulinemia.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Skin problem<\/th>\n<th>Type i (%)<\/th>\n<th>Types II and III (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"765\">Ischemic<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"403\">necrosis<\/span> (skin and tissue damage due to lack of blood flow)<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>0-20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1171\">Palpable<\/span> purple<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1350\">Livedoid<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"595\">vasculopathy<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>14 (in type III)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cold-induced <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1646\">urticaria<\/span><\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>10 (in type III)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Scarring of the tip of the nose, pinnae, fingers and toes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Nail fold <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"756\">capillary<\/span> abnormalities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<section class=\"textBlock imageLinkBlockTitle\">\n<h5 class=\"colour--primary\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crioglobulinemia-que-afecta-las-manos-y-los-pies\"><\/span>Cryoglobulinemia affecting the hands and feet. <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"imageLinkBlock\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='cryoglob1__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildfd-2175159-3593998' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cryoglob1__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd-2175159.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Cryoglobulinemia<\/p>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='cryoglob2__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildfd-6900767-2291917' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cryoglob2__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd-6900767.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Cryoglobulinemia<\/p>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='cryoglob3__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildfd-7270010-3584595' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cryoglob3__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd-7270010.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Cryoglobulinemia<\/p>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='cryoglob4__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildfd-2177425-5055991' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cryoglob4__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd-2177425.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Cryoglobulinemia<\/p>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='cryoglob5__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildfd-4117248-7158237' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/cryoglob5__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd-4117248.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Cryoglobulinemia<\/p>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='raynaud__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildbd-2157671-2531534' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/raynaud__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDBd-2157671.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Raynaud&#039;s phenomenon<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"clearfix imageLinkBlock\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\">\n<div class=\"box-placement square-placement\">\n<div class=\"advert__frame\">\n<div id=\"dermnet-dermnet-mobbox\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Otras-manifestaciones-de-crioglobulinemia\"><\/span>Other manifestations of cryoglobulinemia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Many organs can be affected by cryoglobulinemia.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Organ affected<\/th>\n<th>Signs and symptoms<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Light<\/td>\n<td>Cough, shortness of breath, fluid in the lungs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gastrointestinal<\/td>\n<td>Stomach pain, bleeding, enlarged liver and \/ or spleen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kidneys<\/td>\n<td>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"561\">Hypertension<\/span> (high blood pressure), glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nervous system<\/td>\n<td>Visual disorders, peripheral neuropathy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1176\">Fever<\/span> It can also happen.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFCual-es-el-tratamiento-para-la-crioglobulinemia\"><\/span>What is the treatment for cryoglobulinemia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The primary goal of therapy is to find and treat the underlying cause and to limit cryoglobulin precipitation and resulting inflammation. Cryoglobulinemia patients should be advised to avoid cold environments to avoid precipitation of cryoglobulins.<\/p>\n<p>Symptomatic treatment includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nonsteroidal anti-steroids<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"490\">inflammatory<\/span> medications for arthralgia and fatigue.<\/li>\n<li>Immunosuppressive drugs (eg, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine) when there is organ involvement such as vasculitis, kidney disease, <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1759\">progressive<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"402\">neurological <\/span>symptoms and serious and disabling skin conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Plasmapheresis is used for serious or life-threatening complications.<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1512\">Antiviral<\/span> The therapy is effective in patients with cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C.<\/li>\n<li>The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has been reported to be effective in vasculitis due to mixed cryoglobulinemia type II and cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Identifying and treating early symptoms, such as skin lesions, fatigue, or arthralgia as a result of cryoglobulinemia, will prevent further organ damage and improve patient outcomes.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la crioglobulinemia? La crioglobulinemia es un trastorno poco frecuente que se caracteriza por la presencia de anomal\u00edas inmunoglobulina prote\u00ednas en la sangre que pueden precipitado fuera en los&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6607","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/6607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6607"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/6607\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}