<\/span><\/h2>\nA supernumerary nipple is a minor malformation<\/span> of the breast tissue that produces additional nipple(s) and\/or associated tissue. Also known as accessory nipple, ectopic<\/span> nipple or extra nipple.<\/p>\nA supernumerary nipple is different from:<\/p>\n
\n- Polythelia, which is the presence of supernumerary nipples without accessory glandular tissue.<\/li>\n
- Supernumerary or accessory breasts, which may or may not have nipples.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Supernumerary nipples are congenital<\/span>and generally harmless. However, they are influenced by hormones and are susceptible to other disease processes.<\/p>\n<\/span>Who gets a supernumerary nipple?<\/span><\/h2>\nSupernumerary nipples or breasts are found in up to 6% of the population. They occur as isolated findings or as characteristics of genetic<\/span> syndromes These include:<\/p>\n\n- Ruvalcaba-Myhre syndrome<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
- Hay-Wells syndrome ectodermal<\/span> dysplasia<\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
There have been some reports of an increased risk of urinary tract abnormalities in patients with supernumerary nipples, although this is disputed.<\/p>\n
Most isolated cases of supernumerary nipples are sporadic, however, they are family<\/span> in approximately 6% of reported cases. They exhibit a autosomal<\/span> dominant pattern of inheritance with incomplete penetrance<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/span>The embryogenesis of the supernumerary nipple.<\/span><\/h2>\nThe supernumerary nipple forms early in the development of the embryo.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Week 4<\/span><\/h3>\nMammary ridges are formed from thick strips of ectoderm, these are the \u201cmilk lines\u201d that extend from the armpit<\/span> to the groin<\/p>\n<\/span>Week 6<\/span><\/h3>\nBreast buds develop from the growth of epidermis<\/span> Of the ridges.<\/p>\n<\/span>Week 8<\/span><\/h3>\nFailure of regression<\/span> of the mammary ridges result in the formation of the supernumerary nipple.<\/p>\nSupernumerary nipples commonly arise anywhere along the two vertical milk lines that originate in the armpit, descend through the region where the nipples are typically located, and end in the groin. Around 5% of supernumerary nipples form outside the milk lines on the skin of the neck, back, vulva<\/span> or thigh<\/p>\n<\/span>What are the clinical characteristics of the supernumerary nipple?<\/span><\/h2>\nA supernumerary nipple is present at birth. Often appears similar to a congenital organoid or melanocytic<\/span> nevus<\/span>. Most supernumerary nipples are much smaller than normal nipples. areola<\/span> and nipple They may be solitary or multiple, arising on one or both sides of the nipple line.<\/p>\nThey can be pink or brown, and at least the central nipple is raised from the surface of the skin. There may be a central dimple. Supernumerary nipples may develop prominently hair<\/span> in puberty<\/p>\nIf the supernumerary nipple contains glandular tissue, it may enlarge during puberty, become swollen and tender before menstruation, and suffer from lactation.<\/p>\n\n<\/span>Supernumerary nipple<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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See more images of supernumerary nipple\u2026<\/p>\n
<\/span>How is a supernumerary nipple diagnosed?<\/span><\/h2>\nA clinical classification tool is Kajava's (1915) classification of supernumerary nipples.<\/p>\n
\n- Complete supernumerary nipple: nipple and areola and glandular breast tissue<\/li>\n
- Supernumerary nipple: nipple and glandular tissue (without areola)<\/li>\n
- Supernumerary nipple: areola and glandular tissue (no nipple)<\/li>\n
- Aberrant glandular tissue only<\/li>\n
- Supernumerary nipple: nipple and areola and pseudomamma (adipose tissue that replaces glandular tissue)<\/li>\n
- Supernumerary nipple: nipple only (the most common supernumerary nipple)<\/li>\n
- Supernumerary nipple: areola only (polythelia areolaris)<\/li>\n
- \nPatch<\/span> hair only (polythelia pilosa)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Histology<\/span> provides a definitive diagnosis, as it often resembles the normal nipple.<\/p>\n\n- \nEpidermal<\/span> thickening<\/li>\n
- Tempered papillomatosis<\/span> and basal<\/span> hyperpigmentation<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
- pilosebaceous structures<\/span><\/li>\n
- Smooth muscle<\/li>\n
- mammary ducts<\/li>\n
- Sometimes presence of underlying breast tissue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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<\/span>What is the treatment for a supernumerary nipple?<\/span><\/h2>\nTreatment is usually not required. Surgical removal may be considered for cosmetic purposes or if there is discomfort from breastfeeding or sensitivity.<\/p>\n
Supernumerary nipples can suffer from diseases similar to normal breast tissue. There are reported cases of developing supernumerary nipples:<\/p>\n
\n- Fibroadenoma<\/li>\n
- Adenoma<\/span><\/li>\n
- Cyst<\/span><\/li>\n
- Abscess<\/span><\/li>\n
- Mastitis<\/li>\n
- Chest Cancer<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un pez\u00f3n supernumerario? Un pez\u00f3n supernumerario es un menor malformaci\u00f3n del tejido mamario que produce pez\u00f3n (es) adicional (es) y \/ o tejido asociado. Tambi\u00e9n se conoce como…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6703","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/6703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6703"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/6703\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}