{"id":6938,"date":"2020-04-23T20:07:05","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T23:07:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/es\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/"},"modified":"2023-09-08T14:42:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T17:42:06","slug":"anal-cancer-and-anal-canal-cancer-2","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal cancer and anal canal cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-is-anal-cancer\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">What is anal <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"30\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">cancer<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Anal cancer is a rare <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"176\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">malignant <\/span><\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"289\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">tumor<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> that grows in or around the anus. Most anal cancers grow within the <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"189\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">mucous membrane<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> of the anal canal. This is located between the rectum and the anal verge. Other <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1192\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">perianal<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> cancers grow in the skin outside the anal verge.<\/span><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#What-is-anal-cancer\" >What is anal cancer ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#Who-gets-anal-squamous-cell-cancer\" >Who gets anal squamous cell cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#What-causes-anal-cancer\" >What causes anal cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#What-are-the-symptoms-and-signs-of-anal-cancer\" >What are the symptoms and signs of anal cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#How-is-anal-cancer-diagnosed\" >How is anal cancer diagnosed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#How-is-anal-cancer-treated\" >How is anal cancer treated?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#What-is-the-prognosis-after-anal-cancer-treatment\" >What is the prognosis after anal cancer treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-anal-y-cancer-de-canal-anal-2\/#Can-anal-cancer-be-prevented\" >Can anal cancer be prevented?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Most anal cancers are classified as <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"270\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">squamous<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> cell <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"32\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">carcinoma<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (SCC). There are two types:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Keratinizing SCC or <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1654\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Basaloid<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> SCC: This grows outside the anal canal<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Non-keratinizing SCC or cloacogenic SCC \u2013 this grows inside the anal canal<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">An anal adenocarcinoma is a rare form of anal cancer. It grows from glandular cells at the junction of the anal canal and rectum, the transition zone. Other forms of anal cancer include <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"831\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">basal<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> cell carcinoma , <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"976\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">lymphoma<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1665\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">sarcoma<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1018\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">mucosal <\/span><\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1670\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">melanoma<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , extramammary Paget&#8217;s disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who-gets-anal-squamous-cell-cancer\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Who gets anal squamous cell cancer?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Anal squamous cell cancer occurs in both men and women. It is slightly more common in women than men, but is rare in both sexes, with an annual <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"578\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">incidence<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> rate of 1 in every 100,000 people. It usually appears in adults over 45 years of age (80% are over 60 years of age), but it is rarely diagnosed in young adults.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The risk of anal cancer is higher in the following groups of patients:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">People with anal intraepithelial <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1263\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">neoplasm<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (AIN): a precursor <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"164\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">lesion<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Men and women who have receptive anal intercourse<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Men and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"127\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">HIV<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ) Anal cancer is more common in patients with advanced disease, acquired immunodeficiency <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"350\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">syndrome<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (AIDS), when the incidence is 137 in 100,000.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Men who have had <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1167\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">sex<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> with men<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1699\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Immunocompromised<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> patients, e.g. organ <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1792\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">transplant<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> recipients<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Intravenous drug users<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">People with a high number of lifetime sexual partners<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cigarette smokers, who are 4 times more likely than non-smokers to have anal cancer<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">People who injured the anal mucosa, such as anal <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"509\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">fistulas<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> in <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"490\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">inflammatory<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> bowel disease or anal <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1365\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">trauma<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Women, and less often men, with lichen sclerosus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">People with a history of genital warts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Women with a history of cervical cancer, abnormal cervical smears (CIN), vulvar cancer, vulvar intraepithelial carcinoma (VIN), or men with penile cancer or intraepithelial carcinoma (PIN).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">In people who have had more than one type of cancer due to human papillomavirus (HPV) <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"145\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">infection<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , anal cancer may occur at the same time, after, or before cancers in other genital sites (cervix, <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1004\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">vulva<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , vagina, and in men, penis).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Patients with anal cancer (eg, adenocarcinoma) who do not have HPV infection are older than HPV-positive patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\">\n<div class=\"box-placement square-placement\">\n<div class=\"advert__frame\">\n<div id=\"dermnet-dermnet-mobbox\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-causes-anal-cancer\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">What causes anal cancer?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Almost all anal cancers (90%) are attributable to persistent infection with HPV, the cause of genital warts. Certain strains of HPV are known to be <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"928\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">oncogenic<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (cancer-causing), especially HPV types 16 and 18, and these two infections cause more than 90% of anal cancers. In rare cases, HPV subtyping has detected low-risk strains, such as HPV 6 or multiple HPV strains associated with anal cancer. HPV infection is acquired sexually, but it is not necessary to have had anal sex for HPV to reach the anal canal. HPV is detected with the same frequency in the anus as in the cervix, although anal cancer is not as common as cervical cancer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">In Australia and New Zealand, anal cancer rates are increasing in association with documented increases in HPV infection.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-are-the-symptoms-and-signs-of-anal-cancer\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">What are the symptoms and signs of anal cancer?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Anal cancer can occur with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bleeding from the anus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A growing lump inside or outside the anus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Anal itching or pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">TO <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"190\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">mucus<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> or jelly-like <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"840\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">discharge<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> from the anus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Constipation, bloating, diarrhea or fecal incontinence (leakage), which may cause incontinence associated <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"53\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">dermatitis<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Symptoms are often initially thought to be due to hemorrhoids (piles), polyps, or skin tags.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">See images of anal cancer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How-is-anal-cancer-diagnosed\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">How is anal cancer diagnosed?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Anal cancer can be suspected by the appearance of the lesion, which is an irregularity. <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"198\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">nodule<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> on the surface of the skin or inside the anal canal and bleeds easily on contact. It can be detected by digital anal examination, anoscopy (use of a special instrument to inspect the anus), proctoscopy\/sigmoidoscopy (inspection of the rectum), or <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1553\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">colonoscopy<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (inspection of the entire colon or large intestine).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">High-risk patients (for example, those with HIV infection or immunocompromised after organ transplant) may be offered anal <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1672\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">cytology<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> smears to detect high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, similar to those used in cervical cancer screening. . A swab is inserted into the lower rectum and rolled around the anal canal as it is withdrawn. The swab is processed in the laboratory and examined for abnormal cells. Suspicious smears are followed by high-resolution anoscopy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Skin or mucosa <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"24\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">biopsy<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> is then performed to confirm the diagnosis by <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"129\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">histopathology<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Imaging is usually done before treatment to determine the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread to local lymph glands or other parts of the body. Tests may include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1378\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ultrasound<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> scan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"799\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Connecticut<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> scan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1116\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">MRI<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> scan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">chest x-ray<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Blood test.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\">\n<div class=\"box-placement square-placement\">\n<div class=\"advert__frame\">\n<div id=\"dermnet-dermnet-mobbox\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How-is-anal-cancer-treated\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">How is anal cancer treated?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Anal cancer is usually treated by a combination of:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Surgical <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"848\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">excision<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> of small external lesions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1325\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Radiotherapy<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1619\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Chemotherapy<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Radiation therapy and chemotherapy without surgery preserve the anal sphincter so that the patient can continue to have normal bowel movements with a reduced risk of stool incontinence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Perineal abdominal <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"897\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">resection<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> A colostomy is not usually required, but may be performed if initial treatment is unsuccessful. The procedure involves excision of the anus, rectum and a section of the colon, surgical closure of the rectum and deviation of the colon to open into the abdominal wall.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-is-the-prognosis-after-anal-cancer-treatment\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">What is the prognosis after anal cancer treatment?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cure rates depend on the thickness of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread to other sites at the time of diagnosis. In general, 5-year survival is 60% for men and 70% for women.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Treatment may cause fecal incontinence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Long-term follow-up can detect secondary spread of cancer ( <\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"383\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">metastasis<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ) to local lymph glands or elsewhere. These are difficult to treat. Additional radiation treatment or chemotherapy may be offered.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can-anal-cancer-be-prevented\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Can anal cancer be prevented?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The HPV vaccine is expected to reduce the incidence of anal cancer in the future. In Australia, boys and girls are offered the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardisil\u2122), protecting them against HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11. In New Zealand, the 9-voucher vaccine is offered to boys and girls up to the age of 26 years. Vaccination Programs vary in other countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Most sexually active men and women will acquire at least one genital HPV subtype, most within the first 5 years of beginning sexual activity. <span class=\"VIpgJd-yAWNEb-VIpgJd-fmcmS-sn54Q\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">For maximum <\/span><\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"914\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span class=\"VIpgJd-yAWNEb-VIpgJd-fmcmS-sn54Q\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">effectiveness<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span class=\"VIpgJd-yAWNEb-VIpgJd-fmcmS-sn54Q\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , vaccination should be performed before the start of sexual activity. <\/span>HPV infection rates can be reduced by using condoms during sex and limiting the number of sexual partners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It is essential to address health topics such as anal cancer with seriousness and responsibility. Although it is often associated with risk factors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and other hereditary factors, it is also important to highlight the significance of maintaining good anal health and understanding our own bodies.<\/p>\n<p>While discussing anal cancer prevention and the importance of early detection tests, it is crucial to remember that each person has their own path to health. Some individuals may find comfort and relief in certain medical devices, such as plugged anal, which may be recommended by healthcare professionals in specific situations, such as the treatment of certain anal disorders. However, it is important to emphasize that the use of these devices should be guided and supervised by a specialized medical professional.<\/p>\n<p>Our main goal is to promote awareness about anal cancer, its risk factors, the importance of early detection, and available treatment options. If you have concerns about your anal health or need more information about anal cancer, we recommend that you reach out to a qualified healthcare professional. Your well-being and health are paramount.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"What is anal cancer ? Anal cancer is a rare malignant tumor that grows in or around the anus. Most anal cancers grow within the mucosa of the anal canal....","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6938","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/6938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6938"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/6938\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}