<\/span><\/h2>\nHematological diseases are a wide range of conditions that affect the constituents<\/span> of blood. This includes disorders of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets<\/span>) and cancer conditions that affect these blood cells. The cutaneous signs of hematologic disease described here are useful for diagnosis and can also cause complications.<\/p>\n<\/span>Anemia<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>Nutritional anemia<\/span><\/h3>\nAnemia can be the result of nutrient deficiencies, for example, iron<\/span>, B12 or folate.<\/p>\nThe cutaneous manifestations are:<\/p>\n
\n- \nPallor<\/span> of the conjunctiva<\/span> (eyes and palm<\/span> folds<\/li>\n
- \nGlossitis<\/span> (smooth red tongue)<\/li>\n
- Poikilodermatosus hypopigmentation<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
- \nHyperpigmentation<\/span> maybe a sign<\/span> B12 and folate deficiencies <\/li>\n
- Fragile nail<\/span> (koilonychia<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
<\/span>Cutaneous signs of anemia<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Iron deficiency itching.<\/p>\n
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Coilonychia<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/span>\nHemolytic<\/span> anemia<\/span><\/h3>\nHemolytic anemia, for example, due to sickle cell anemia, results from the destruction of red blood cells, leading to additional symptoms:<\/p>\n
\n- Pruritus<\/span><\/li>\n
- Jaundice<\/span><\/li>\n
- \nPetechiae<\/span> and hemosiderosis<\/span> (small brown macules<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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<\/span>Myeloproliferative disorders.<\/span><\/h2>\nThe process by which blood cells are produced (hematopoiesis) gives rise to cells in either one lymphoid<\/span> or myeloid<\/span> lineage.<\/p>\n<\/span>Polycythemia<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nPolycythemia vera is an example of chronic<\/span> Myeloproliferative disorder of myeloid cells that causes an increase in the mass of red blood cells.<\/p>\nThe cutaneous manifestations are:<\/p>\n
\n- Plethora \/ Reddish cyanosis<\/span> (flowery<\/span> complexion)<\/li>\n
- Aquagenic itching (itchy skin caused by contact with water)<\/li>\n
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Erythromelalgia (redness and burning of the hands \/ feet)<\/li>\n
- \nLivedo<\/span> reticular (purplish discoloration)<\/li>\n
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Acrocyanosis (bluish-purplish discoloration of hands \/ feet)<\/li>\n
- \nPyoderma<\/span> gangrenous (ulcers<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
<\/span>Cutaneous signs of myeloproliferative disease.<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Livedo reticularis<\/p>\n
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Acrocyanosis<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/span>\nMast cells<\/span> disease <\/span><\/h3>\nMast cell disease also arises from a myeloid disorder in which mast cells<\/span> they accumulate in different organs and tissues of the body. This can be broadly divided into cutaneous<\/span> mastocytosis, which is more common in children, and systemic<\/span> mastocytosis, which is more common in adults.<\/p>\nThe cutaneous manifestations are:<\/p>\n
\n- \nMaculopapular<\/span> cutaneous mastocytosis (brown \/ brown) papules<\/span> reddish-brown macules and papules in adults). Also know as urticaria<\/span> pigment<\/li>\n
- \nDarier sign<\/span> (erythema<\/span> and hives when you rub the affected skin)<\/li>\n
- Pruritus<\/li>\n
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Mastocytomas (rare in adults)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/span>Cutaneous signs of mast cell disease<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis<\/p>\n
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Mastocytoma<\/p>\n
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Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/span>\nLeukemia<\/span> skin<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/h3>\nLeukemia cutis is a rare manifestation of myeloproliferative disease not previously diagnosed or treated and lymphoproliferative<\/span> disorders, e.g. ex. acute<\/span> myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma<\/span>. Is the result of infiltration<\/span> of the skin by leukemic cells, resulting in variable papules, nodules<\/span> and plates<\/span>. Usually they can be pink, violaceous<\/span> (purple) or darker than the surrounding normal skin. Also, they are almost always not tender and palpable<\/span> with a signature, indurated<\/span> texture.<\/p>\n\n<\/span>Leukemia skin<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Leukemia skin<\/p>\n
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Leukemia skin<\/p>\n
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Leukemia skin<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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