{"id":7643,"date":"2020-04-25T07:52:08","date_gmt":"2020-04-25T10:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/es\/cancer-vulvar\/"},"modified":"2020-04-27T15:53:10","modified_gmt":"2020-04-27T18:53:10","slug":"vulvar-cancer","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/","title":{"rendered":"Vulvar cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Cancer-de-piel\" >Skin cancer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#%C2%BFQue-es-vulval-cancer\" >What is vulval? Cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#%C2%BFQuien-contrae-cancer-de-vulva-y-por-que\" >Who gets vulvar cancer and why?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Cuales-son-los-signos-y-sintomas\" >What are the signs and symptoms?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Carcinoma-de-celulas-escamosas\" >Squamous cell carcinoma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Enfermedad-de-Paget-extramamaria\" >Extramammary Paget&#039;s disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Carcinoma-de-celulas-basales\" >Basal cell carcinoma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Melanoma\" >Melanoma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Cancer-de-glandula-de-Bartholin\" >Bartholin&#039;s gland cancer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#Diagnostico-y-estadificacion-del-cancer-de-vulva\" >Diagnosis and staging of vulvar cancer.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#%C2%BFCual-es-el-tratamiento-del-cancer-de-vulva\" >What is the treatment of vulvar cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wiki\/cancer-vulvar\/#%C2%BFComo-se-puede-prevenir-el-cancer-de-vulva\" >How can vulvar cancer be prevented?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"textBlock\">\n<div class=\"cmsBlock\">\n<div class=\"cmsBlock__shortcode\">\n<section class=\"textBlock\">\n<p><img alt='miiskin-3-2-133__scalewidthwzewmf0-8268734-6234750' class=\"right\" title=\"\" src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/miiskin-3-2-133__ScaleWidthWzEwMF0-8268734.jpg' width=\"100\" height=\"100\"><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Ad<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cancer-de-piel\"><\/span>Skin cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Application to facilitate skin self-examination and early detection<\/strong>. <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">read more<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmsBlock__title\">Text: Miiskin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFQue-es-vulval-cancer\"><\/span>What is vulval? <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"30\">Cancer<\/span>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vulvar (or vulvar) cancer or cancer <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1004\">vulva<\/span> It represents about 3-5% of female genital cancers. It can occur anywhere on the vulva, but most often affects the clitoris, the inner edges of the labia majora, and the labia minora.<\/p>\n<p>More than 90% of vulvar cancers are <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"270\">scaly<\/span> cell carcinomas (SCC). The next most common type of vulvar cancer is <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1670\">melanoma<\/span> But this represents less than 5% of all vulvar cancers. Other rare vulvar cancers are <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"831\">basal<\/span> cell <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"32\">carcinoma<\/span> (BCC), Bartholin&#039;s gland cancer, and extramammary Paget&#039;s disease.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFQuien-contrae-cancer-de-vulva-y-por-que\"><\/span>Who gets vulvar cancer and why?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vulvar cancer can affect women of all ages, but women&#039;s 70% is&gt; 60 years old. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for approximately 60% of squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva.<\/p>\n<p>Some squamous cell vulvar cancers may be preceded by <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"892\">precancerous<\/span> changes that can last for several years. This precancerous condition of the vulva is known as vulvar intraepithelial. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1263\">neoplasm<\/span> (VIN), and when associated with the human papilloma virus <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"145\">infection<\/span>, also known as high-grade squamous intraepithelial <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"164\">injury<\/span> (HSIL). Vulvar cancer is more common and more aggressive in cigarette smokers.<\/p>\n<p>Vulvar lichen sclerosus and <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"319\">chronic<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"537\">erosive<\/span> lichen planus <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1495\">predispose<\/span> to <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1308\">differentiated<\/span> VIN (dVIN), which can also lead to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. DVIN-associated vulvar cancer is not related to HPV infection.<\/p>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\"><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cuales-son-los-signos-y-sintomas\"><\/span>What are the signs and symptoms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The signs and symptoms of vulvar cancer depend on the type of cancer involved.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carcinoma-de-celulas-escamosas\"><\/span>Squamous cell carcinoma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Red, pink or white <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"198\">nodule<\/span> or <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"367\">nodules<\/span> or <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"368\">plates<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>May have wart-shaped and \/ or raw surface if ulcerated<\/li>\n<li>The affected vulvar area may appear white and feel rough.<\/li>\n<li>About 50% of women complain of itching or pain.<\/li>\n<li>Other symptoms include painful urination, burning, bleeding, and <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"840\">download<\/span> not associated with a normal menstrual period<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enfermedad-de-Paget-extramamaria\"><\/span>Extramammary Paget&#039;s disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Wet red <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"16\">asymmetric<\/span> oozing <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"235\">license plate<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>Can cause burning and itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carcinoma-de-celulas-basales\"><\/span>Basal cell carcinoma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Painless red <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"224\">patch<\/span>, nodule or <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"290\">ulcer<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Melanoma\"><\/span>Melanoma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Appearance of a new <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1520\">pigmented<\/span> injury or change in a pre-existing mole<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cancer-de-glandula-de-Bartholin\"><\/span>Bartholin&#039;s gland cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Persistent <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1306\">cystic<\/span> or thickening of soft mass on either side of the opening of the vagina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>See images of vulvar cancer ...<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diagnostico-y-estadificacion-del-cancer-de-vulva\"><\/span>Diagnosis and staging of vulvar cancer.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Skin <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"24\">biopsy<\/span> The injury is performed to obtain an accurate diagnosis of vulvar cancer. Below <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"867\">microscopy<\/span>, the presence of <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"176\">evil one<\/span> cells along with other <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"474\">histological<\/span> The findings will confirm the diagnosis and type of vulvar cancer.<\/p>\n<p>After the initial diagnosis of vulvar cancer, a specialist doctor will perform a comprehensive examination to determine the stage of the cancer. This depends on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The size of the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"289\">tumor<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>How deeply the tumor has invaded the tissues at the site of origin.<\/li>\n<li>The extent of any invasion into the surrounding organs or <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1775\">lymph nodes<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Determining the stage of the cancer is an important factor, as it directs which treatment plan should be used. The FIGO (International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology) staging system is commonly used to describe staging of vulvar cancer. The system classifies the disease from Stage 0 to Stage IV. Stage 0 represents precancerous lesions, while stage IV is the most advanced stages of cancer (invasion and <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"383\">metastasis<\/span> of surrounding and distant tissues and lymph nodes).<\/p>\n<p>Most patients will have blood tests, a chest x-ray, and <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"799\">Connecticut<\/span> scan of the abdomen and pelvis to help stage the cancer.<\/p>\n<p>In a large center with an experienced multidisciplinary team, some patients with vulvar carcinoma may be offered a sentinel node biopsy to determine if there is <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"868\">microscopic<\/span> Metastases The requirements are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unifocal tumor<\/li>\n<li>Small tumor, <4 cm de di\u00e1metro<\/li>\n<li>Not <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1171\">palpable<\/span> lymph nodes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFCual-es-el-tratamiento-del-cancer-de-vulva\"><\/span>What is the treatment of vulvar cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment of vulvar cancer depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer. In general, diagnosis and treatment during the early stages of cancer have a much better outcome. There are basically 3 types of treatment options available.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Surgery (cancer cut)<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1326\">Radiotherapy<\/span> (high-dose x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells)<\/li>\n<li>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1619\">Chemotherapy<\/span> (medicines to kill cancer cells, eg cisplatin, gemcitabine)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Surgery is the most common form of treatment for vulvar cancer. Various methods can be used, which often depend on the stage of the cancer. One of them is largely local. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"848\">excision<\/span>, which eliminates cancer and part of the normal tissue that surrounds it. Another is the radical local excision that removes the cancer and about a 1 cm portion of surrounding tissue.<\/p>\n<p>The lymph nodes in the groin are usually removed when the cancer is 1 mm or more deep, but in some centers a sentinel node biopsy is done if the nodes are not clinically involved.<\/p>\n<p>Complications from surgery are often related to destruction of the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"744\">lymphatic<\/span> groin channels and include lymphocytes and lymphedema in up to 70% of patients undergoing <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1774\">lymph node<\/span> elimination.<\/p>\n<p>Radiation and chemotherapy are used more frequently in patients with locally advanced <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"805\">recurrent<\/span> vulvar cancer<\/p>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\"><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%C2%BFComo-se-puede-prevenir-el-cancer-de-vulva\"><\/span>How can vulvar cancer be prevented?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The HPV vaccine is expected to reduce the <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"578\">incidence<\/span> of HPV-associated vulvar cancer in the future. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardisil \u2122) protects against HPV 16, 18, 6, and 11; 9-valent Gardisil \u2122 also protects against HPV 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. In New Zealand, funded vaccination has been offered to adolescent girls since 2006. <\/p>\n<p>Most sexually active men and women will acquire at least one genital HPV subtype, most within the first 5 years of onset of sexual activity. For the maximum <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"914\">effectiveness<\/span>Vaccination should be carried out before sexual activity begins. HPV infection rates can be reduced by using condoms during sex and limiting the number of sexual partners.<\/p>\n<p>Aside from its role in causing <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"825\">anogenital<\/span> warts, scaly high-grade vulvar <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"847\">epithelial<\/span> Injury and vulvar cancer, HPV infection can also lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), vaginal intra-epithelial neoplasia (VAIN), or other <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"612\">invader<\/span> anogenital tract tumor such as anal cancer.<\/p>\n<p>It is important that all women have cervical smears regularly in accordance with the national screening program. These offer an opportunity for regular vulvar examinations to detect vulvar cancer early.<\/p>\n<p>Women with vulvar lichen sclerosus and vulvar erosive lichen planus should schedule check-ups with their doctor every year or two, and sooner if they are aware of an enlarged lump or persistent pain.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anuncio C\u00e1ncer de piel Aplicaci\u00f3n para facilitar el autoexamen de la piel y la detecci\u00f3n temprana. Lee mas. Texto: Miiskin. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es vulval? c\u00e1ncer? C\u00e1ncer vulvar (o vulvar) o c\u00e1ncer&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7643","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/7643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7643"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/7643\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7643"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7643"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}