<\/span><\/h2>\nIntrinsic aging affects everyone, whatever their skin type. Extrinsic aging affects people who are chronically exposed to sunlight; this is known as sun damage or photoaging<\/span>. People who generally have marked signs of photoaging include those who:<\/p>\n\n- Have Fitzpatrick sun-reactive skin types I-II (with red \/ blonde hair<\/span> and blue eyes)<\/li>\n
- Live in the tropics or subtropics.<\/li>\n
- Live high<\/li>\n
- Work outdoors or spend long periods outdoors for recreation<\/li>\n
- Sometimes they have been exposed to artificial sources of UV radiation, such as indoor tanning\n<\/li>\n
- Have a genetic<\/span> predisposition<\/span> to premature aging (eg, Progeria, which is rare).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Premature skin aging also affects tobacco smokers and those who have been chronically exposed to other environmental pollutants.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>What makes the skin age?<\/span><\/h2>\nIntrinsic aging is defined by the clinic, histological<\/span> and physiological<\/span> changes that occur in areas protected from the sun on the skin of older people. Intrinsic aging can be aggravated by other environmental factors.<\/p>\n<\/span>Ultraviolet radiation<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nUV radiation attacks the integrity of the skin.<\/p>\n
\n- It causes thousands of alterations in the DNA<\/span> from each cell every day.<\/li>\n
- The multiple shock model, which has been proposed to describe how UV radiation interacts with the components of the the extracellular matrix<\/span>, results in the statement<\/span> of a disorganized matrix, rich in elastic fiber (solar elastosis<\/span>) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Menopause<\/span><\/h3>\nThe signs of intrinsic aging begin around 50-60 years. Women develop these signs earlier than men, which is attributed to a decrease in the protective effects of estrogen<\/span> during menopause<\/p>\n<\/span>Of smoking<\/span><\/h3>\nSmoking exposes the skin to various harmful factors.<\/p>\n
\n- Nicotine narrows blood vessels<\/span> and blood flow, reducing the amount of oxygen and nutrients that reach the cells.<\/li>\n
- Many other chemicals increase in tobacco smoke dermal<\/span> MMPs and degrade collagen<\/span> and elastin<\/span>.<\/li>\n
- The heat from cigarette burning and the facial muscle movements associated with smoking contribute to wrinkles.<\/li>\n
- Chemicals like nitrosamines and tar are carcinogens<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Nutrition<\/span><\/h3>\nNutrition is known to affect extrinsic aging.<\/p>\n
\n- Fruits, vegetables, legumes, herbs, and teas contain antioxidant compounds.<\/li>\n
- Higher vitamin C levels and increased linoleic acid intake have been associated with decreased wrinkles, dryness, and atrophy<\/span> of the skin<\/li>\n
- In a nutritional study that recruited Greek, Australian, and Swedish subjects, resistance to photoaging was associated with increased intake of vegetables, olive oil, fish, and legumes, such as greaves, beans, peas, and lentils, and decreased intake of margarine. , sugar and dairy products.<\/li>\n
- An increased intake of fats and carbohydrates has been associated with an increased risk of wrinkles and skin atrophy.<\/li>\n
- Vitamin A, which can be applied topically (see our page Current<\/span> retinoids<\/span>), it has been observed that the production of MMP decreases.<\/li>\n
- Consuming fish oil can also provide some sun protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Immune dysfunction<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/h3>\nSkin aging can be a symptom<\/span> of immunodeficiency diseases, immunosuppressive agents and chronic psychological stress.<\/p>\n<\/span>What are the clinical characteristics of skin aging?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>Intrinsic aging<\/span><\/h3>\nIntrinsically aged skin looks dry and pale, smooth, thin, transparent and immaculate.<\/p>\n
\n- It is finely wrinkled, due to the gravitational and conformational forces that determine how proteins fold.<\/li>\n
- Sagging or lax skin can occur with body movement, due to loss of elasticity.<\/li>\n
- The degrees of pigmentation<\/span> on intrinsically aged skin they are very smooth and regular compared to photo-aged skin. <\/li>\n
- Aging skin tends to develop a variety of benign<\/span> neoplasms<\/span>, as sebaceous<\/span> hyperplasia<\/span> and cherry angiomas<\/span>.<\/li>\n
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Skin cancers are less common in intrinsically aged skin than in extrinsically aged skin.<\/li>\n
- The skin surface maintains youthful geometric patterns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
<\/span>Signs of intrinsic aging.<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Thin skin<\/p>\n
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Guttate hypomelanosis<\/p>\n
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Telangiectasias<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/span>Extrinsic aging<\/span><\/h3>\nExtrinsic aging, like photoaging, is related to environmental factors. Extrinsic aging was first reported in the late 19th century and was later described as "farmer's skin" or "sailor's skin." <\/p>\n
\n- Extrinsic aging affects commonly exposed areas of the body, such as the individual's face, neck, and arms.<\/li>\n
- Photodamage characteristics include roughness, sallow, deep wrinkles, dyspigmentation<\/span>senile purple<\/span>, telangiectasia<\/span>, and the development of a variety of benign and evil one<\/span> skin lesions.<\/li>\n
- \nHyperpigmented<\/span> injuries include diffuse<\/span> mottled freckles lentigines<\/span>and seborrheic plane keratosis<\/span>. <\/li>\n
- Deep wrinkles are generally found on the individual's forehead and in the periorbital region.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Sun-induced cutaneous<\/span> Changes vary considerably between individuals, reflecting inherent differences in vulnerability to sun exposure and reparative ability. Even among Caucasians, the appearance of photoaged skin of people with I-III skin phototypes often differs from that of people with IV-VI skin phototypes. <\/p>\n<\/span>Fitzpatrick skin phototypes<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n| Type of skin<\/th>\n | Skin color<\/th>\n | UV effect<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| me<\/td>\n | White or freckled skin<\/td>\n | Always burns, never tans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| II<\/td>\n | White skin<\/td>\n | Usually burns, tans badly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| III<\/td>\n | Olive skin<\/td>\n | Sometimes it burns slightly, tans gradually<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| IV<\/td>\n | Light brown leather<\/td>\n | Rarely burns, easily tans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| V<\/td>\n | Dark skin<\/td>\n | Very rarely burns, tan very easily<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| SAW<\/td>\n | Dark skin<\/td>\n | Never burns, tan very easily<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/span>Ethnicity<\/span><\/h3>\nThe degree of photoaging is significantly affected by the ethnicity of an individual and the Fitzpatrick phototype. Light-skinned individuals of Northern European descent (Fitzpatrick I - III phototypes) are more prone to photoaging than individuals with colored skin (Fitzpatrick IV - VI phototypes, which include people of African, African American, Asian, and Latino descent) or Hispanic), with melanin<\/span> offering protection against sun-induced damage.<\/p>\n<\/span>\nHypertrophic<\/span> and atrophic<\/span> photoaging<\/span><\/h3>\nIn white Caucasians, severe facial photoaging tends to produce two phenotypes<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n- Hypertrophic photoaging: characterized by deep grooves and leathery appearance<\/li>\n
- Atrophic Photoaging: Characterized by telangiectasia, a smooth, relatively wrinkle-free appearance, and the development of a variety of benign and malignant skin lesions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
People with Fitzpatrick III phototypes (and, to some extent, skin with IV phototype) tend to show hypertrophic responses; while those with phototypes I and II tend towards atrophic phenotype<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n| Characteristics<\/th>\n | Atrophic photoaging<\/th>\n | Hypertrophic photoaging<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Wrinkles<\/td>\n | Minimum<\/td>\n | Thick, deep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Texture<\/td>\n | Smooth, slim<\/td>\n | Rough, leathery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Appearance<\/td>\n | Shiny skin<\/td>\n | Sallow skin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Pigmentation<\/td>\n | \nFocal<\/span> depigmentation<\/span>\n<\/td>\n | Dyspigmentation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Vasculature<\/td>\n | Telangiectasia and senile purpura are common<\/td>\n | Minimal or absent vascular<\/span> changes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| \nDysplastic<\/span> changes<\/td>\n | \nActinic keratosis<\/span>, basal<\/span> cell carcinomas and scaly<\/span> cell carcinomas are common<\/td>\n | Actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas are rare.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Other<\/td>\n | \nPoikiloderma<\/span> by Civatte<\/td>\n | Associated with Favre-Racouchot syndrome<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<\/span>Extrinsic photoaging signs<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n \n  \n<\/div>\n Atrophic photoaging <\/p>\n \n  \n<\/div>\n Hypertrophic photoaging<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/span>Dermatoporosis<\/span><\/h3>\nDermatoporosis is a term used to describe chronic skin failure and fragility<\/span> associated with intrinsic and extrinsic aging. The characteristics of dermatoporosis include:<\/p>\n\n- Fragility and atrophy of the skin.<\/li>\n
- Senile purple<\/li>\n
- Starry pseudoscars (white star-shaped patches)<\/li>\n
- Non-healing atrophic
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