<\/span><\/h2>\nPatients who are immunocompromised<\/span> they are more predisposed to systemic mycoses, but can develop in healthy patients. Systemic mycoses can be divided into two main varieties, endemic<\/span> respiratory infections and opportunistic infections.<\/p>\n<\/span>Endemic respiratory infections<\/span><\/h3>\nFungi that can cause systemic infection<\/span> in people with normal immune function, as well as in immunocompromised people, they include:<\/p>\n\n- \nHistoplasma capsulatum<\/em> (causing histoplasmosis)<\/li>\n
- \nCoccidioides immitis<\/em> (causing coccidioidomycosis)<\/li>\n
- \nBlastomyces dermatitidis<\/em> (causing blastomycosis)<\/li>\n
- \nParacoccidioides brasiliensis<\/em> (causing paracoccidioidomycosis)<\/li>\n
- \nPenicillium marneffei<\/em> (causing penicilliosis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
These fungi are found in soil and wood waste. Histoplasma is predominant<\/span> in the southern United States, Central America, South America, Africa, and Asia. Coccidioides and paracoccidioides are common in the southern United States and Central America. Blastomyces is most commonly found in North America.<\/p>\n<\/span>Opportunistic infections<\/span><\/h3>\nFungi that only result in systemic infection in immunocompromised or diseased people include:<\/p>\n
\n- \nCandida<\/em> species including non-albicans candida (which causes yeast infection)<\/li>\n
- \nAspergillus<\/em> species (causing aspergillosis)<\/li>\n
- \nCryptococcus<\/em> (causing cryptococcosis)<\/li>\n
- \nZygomycetes<\/em> (causing zygomycosis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
These fungi are found in or on normal skin, decaying plant matter, and bird droppings respectively, but not exclusively. They are present all over the world.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>Who is at risk for systemic mycoses?<\/span><\/h2>\nCompromised immune<\/span> people are at risk for systemic mycoses. Immunodeficiency can result from:<\/p>\n\n- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/span>) infection <\/li>\n
- Systemic malignancy<\/span> (Cancer<\/span>)<\/li>\n
- \nNeutropenia<\/span> (low white blood cell count)<\/li>\n
- Organ transplant<\/span> recipients<\/li>\n
- After major surgery<\/li>\n
- Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus<\/li>\n
- Very old or very young.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>What are the clinical features of systemic mycoses?<\/span><\/h2>\nThe clinical features of a systemic mycosis depend on the specific infection and the affected organs. Infections in people with normal immune function can cause very mild or no symptoms (this is called a subclinical infection). General symptoms of the disease can include:<\/p>\n
\n- Fever<\/span><\/li>\n
- Cough<\/li>\n
- Loss of appetite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Light<\/span><\/h3>\nInvader<\/span> Pulmonary mycoses usually lead to a progressive<\/span> dry cough, shortness of breath, pain when taking deep breaths, and fever. These symptoms can progress to the point of being life-threatening. acute<\/span> respiratory distress syndrome<\/span>. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is also seen sometimes, especially if there is inflammation<\/span> of the great airways is present.<\/p>\n<\/span>Bone<\/span><\/h3>\nBone infection can develop by spread through the blood or rarely by direct spread of ulcer<\/span> and infected skin. Fever and pain in the affected bone are cardinal symptoms. This would generally be investigated with X-rays, computed tomography<\/span> (Connecticut<\/span>) scan and a aspiration<\/span> through a needle to obtain a sample for culture<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/span>Brain<\/span><\/h3>\nBrain involvement by systemic mycoses has a particularly high mortality. Symptoms that suggest brain involvement include headaches, seizures, and deficits in the normal brain. control<\/span> about movement or sensation. These are evaluated by CT or magnetic resonance image<\/span> (Magnetic resonance<\/span>) brain scans and, if suggestive, may be followed by biopsy<\/span> of the brain<\/p>\n<\/span>Meningitis<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\nInflammation of the tissue surrounding the brain can develop, particularly with candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Symptoms generally include headache, stiff neck, and irritability.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Eyes<\/span><\/h3>\nAlmost any of the ocular structures can be infected by mycosis. Candida spp.<\/em> and Cryptococcus spp.<\/em> they are the most common infectious mycoses. Symptoms depend on which part of the eye is infected, but can include blurred images, dark or black images floating across the visual field, pain, and red eyes.<\/p>\n<\/span>Skin<\/span><\/h3>\nA variety of skin changes can be observed in association with systemic mycoses. Skin lesions depend in part on which fungus is the cause.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n| Infection<\/th>\n | Clinical features<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| Candidiasis<\/td>\n | \n\n- Single or extended<\/span> injuries<\/li>\n
- Little red papules<\/span> or bigger nodules<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
Purpuric lesions may resemble ecthyma gangrenosum or purple<\/span> fulminants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Aspergillosis<\/td>\n | \n\n- Few or many injuries<\/li>\n
- May cause rapid spread of red. patch<\/span> with a necrotic<\/span> center (blackened dead tissue)<\/li>\n
- It may look like pyoderma<\/span> gangrenous<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| Cryptococcosis<\/td>\n | \n\n- Very often a skin eruption<\/span> it is the first one sign<\/span> of infection<\/li>\n
- Extremely varied appearance<\/li>\n
- Papules, abscesses, plates<\/span>blisters, sinuses ulcers<\/span>, cellulite, or purpura (bleeding on the skin).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| Blastomycosis<\/td>\n | \n\n- Papules, nodules, warty<\/span> injuries<\/li>\n
- \nPustules<\/span>, abscesses, ulcers and scars<\/li>\n
- May cause oral lesions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| Histoplasmosis<\/td>\n | \n\n- \nScaly<\/span> (similar to psoriasis) or soft papules, nodules, abscesses, sinuses, or ulcers<\/li>\n
- May cause mouth ulcers.<\/li>\n
- May cause erythema<\/span> multiforme, erythema nodosum or toxic<\/span> erythema<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| Coccidioidomycosis<\/td>\n | \n\n- \nPapular<\/span> lesions, plaques, abscesses, paranasal sinuses, ulceration<\/span> or toxic erythema (a generalized red rash)<\/li>\n
- \nHypersensitivity<\/span> Reactions can cause erythema multiforme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| Penicilliosis<\/td>\n | \n\n- \nUmbilicated<\/span> papules and ulcers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n| Zychomycosis<\/td>\n | \n\n- Mucoral infection causes plaques, pustules, abscesses, and ulcers.<\/li>\n
- Entomophthoral infection causes slow progression subcutaneous<\/span> firm or hard nodules, often involving the nose or sinuses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
<\/span>Aspergillus skin lesion due to systemic steroids.<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n \n  \n<\/div>\n Aspergillus skin lesion<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n <\/div>\n <\/span>What tests can be done to diagnose systemic mycoses?<\/span><\/h2>\nThe most reliable tests to confirm the infection are the skin biopsy to histological<\/span> (microscopic<\/span>) fungal analysis and culture. Blood can also be cultured.<\/p>\n\n \n \n \n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n <\/span>What treatment is available for systemic mycoses?<\/span><\/h2>\nOnce a diagnosis of systemic mycoses has been established, the immune compromise should be reversed if possible, for example, by discontinuing immunosuppressive medications or at least reducing their dose.<\/p>\n Systemic antifungal medications may also be given. Suitable medications include:<\/p>\n \n- Amphotericin B<\/li>\n
- Fluconazole <\/li>\n
- Itraconazole <\/li>\n
- Voriconazole <\/li>\n
- Caspofungin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
the forecast<\/span> it depends on the immune function of the patient and the degree of infection when treatment is started. Despite treatment, many patients die from their infection.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e9 son sist\u00e9mico micosis? Las micosis sist\u00e9micas son infecciones f\u00fangicas que afectan los \u00f3rganos internos. En las circunstancias adecuadas, los hongos ingresan al cuerpo a trav\u00e9s de los pulmones, a…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7963","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/7963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7963"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/7963\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} | | | | | | | |