<\/span><\/h2>\nVitiligo is common pigmentation<\/span> disorder in which pigment<\/span> cells (melanocytes<\/span>) are destroyed by a autoimmune<\/span> process. The result is the appearance of white spots that increase slowly, without any change in the texture of the skin. White patches on the skin are prone to sunburn.<\/p>\n<\/span>What is drug-induced vitiligo?<\/span><\/h2>\nDrug-induced vitiligo is similar to the non-drug-induced form of vitiligo and is likely due to a similar autoimmune process. Also called drug-induced leukoderma<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<\/span>Drug-induced vitiligo<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Induced by vemurafenib<\/p>\n
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Induced by infliximab<\/p>\n
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Induced by anticonvulsant<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/span>Who gets drug-induced vitiligo?<\/span><\/h2>\nDrug-induced vitiligo has similar risk factors to non-drug-induced vitiligo. These risk factors include:<\/p>\n
\n- \nGenetic<\/span> factors<\/li>\n
- Race: all races are affected<\/li>\n
- \nSex<\/span> - both men and women are affected equally<\/li>\n
- Age: Drug-induced vitiligo tends to affect older patients than those seen with non-drug-induced vitiligo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Affected people can also develop other autoimmune disorders, especially Addison's disease, autoimmune thyroid disease (both hyperthyroidism<\/span> and hypothyroidism<\/span>), diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia<\/span> and alopecia<\/span> areata.<\/p>\nA previous history of vitiligo can also make a patient more vulnerable to an extension of drug-induced pigment loss.<\/p>\n
<\/span>What Causes Drug-Induced Vitiligo?<\/span><\/h2>\nThe most common causes of drug-induced vitiligo are immunomodulatory, biological, or specific medications. These medications include:<\/p>\n
\n- \nCurrent<\/span> imiquimod\n<\/li>\n
- \nInterleukin<\/span> (IL) -2, IL-4 and interferon<\/li>\n
- \nTumor<\/span> necrosis<\/span> factor inhibitors: infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept\n<\/li>\n
- Programmed death receiver<\/span> inhibitors, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, used in metastatic<\/span> melanoma<\/span> (15% of treated patients develop vitiligo)<\/li>\n
- \nBRAF<\/span> inhibitors: vemurafenib and dabrafenib\n<\/li>\n
- \nTyrosine kinase<\/span> inhibitors: imatinib and gefitinib.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Rare cases of drug-induced vitiligo have also been reported in:<\/p>\n
\n- Topical Diphencyprone and Squaric Acid<\/li>\n
- Anticonvulsants<\/li>\n
- Levodopa<\/li>\n
- \n
Antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine.\n<\/li>\n
- Other drugs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Note: phenols that cause located<\/span> Contact leukoderma, such as hydroquinone monobenzyl ether, paraphenylenediamine, and rhododendrol, can also cause generalized<\/span> vitiligo in rare cases.<\/p>\nThe mechanism of drug-induced vitiligo is uncertain and there are currently autoimmune, neural and cytotoxic<\/span> theories in relation to this.<\/p>\n<\/span>What are the clinical features of drug-induced vitiligo?<\/span><\/h2>\nDrug-induced vitiligo has characteristics similar to non-drug-induced vitiligo, except that it tends to have a rapid onset and spread. Little white like confetti macules<\/span> they are common in new places on the body. Drug-induced vitiligo produces flat patches of depigmented skin with irregular but defined edges. The areas of the body most likely to be affected are the face, elbows and knees, the back of the hands, and the genitals.<\/p>\nVitiligo is more visible in dark-skinned people, and it often causes emotional stress or embarrassment, and reduces the quality of life of the affected individual.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>How is drug-induced vitiligo diagnosed?<\/span><\/h2>\nThe diagnosis of drug-induced vitiligo is based on the patient's history and a careful general examination of the skin. Investigations could include:<\/p>\n
\n- \nWooden lamp<\/span> skin examination: a wooden lamp is a hand UV<\/span> lamp that can reveal the range of depigmentation<\/span>\n<\/li>\n
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Dermoscopy showing white depigmented areas<\/li>\n
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Skin biopsy<\/span> to confirm the complete loss of melanocytes in the affected skin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>How is drug-induced vitiligo treated?<\/span><\/h2>\nthe causal drug<\/span> stops, when possible. Treatment options for drug-induced vitiligo include:<\/p>\n\n- \n
Cosmetic camouflage and sunscreen <\/li>\n
- Phototherapy<\/li>\n
- \n
Excimer To be<\/span> therapy<\/li>\n- \n
Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.\n<\/li>\n
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Skin grafts taken normally pigmented<\/span> zones<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>What is the outcome for drug-induced vitiligo?<\/span><\/h2>\nDrug-induced vitiligo usually resolves when the offending drug is stopped, but the time it takes to happen can vary greatly. Vitiligo is difficult to treat.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el vitiligo? El vitiligo es com\u00fan pigmentaci\u00f3n trastorno en el que el pigmento c\u00e9lulas (melanocitos) son destruidos por un autoinmune proceso. El resultado es la aparici\u00f3n de manchas…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7973","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/7973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/7973\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}