<\/span><\/h2>\nEnteroviral infections cover a wide range of diseases caused by enteroviruses (EVs). They are members of the Picornaviridae<\/em> family, which are small, icosahedral, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA<\/span> virus<\/p>\nThe best known of the enteroviruses is poliovirus (PV), but it has mostly been eradicated. Other enteroviruses are Coxsackieviruses A and B (CVA and CVB) and echoviruses (ECHO: enteric cytopathic human orphan).<\/p>\n
<\/span>How are enteroviruses classified?<\/span><\/h2>\nEnteroviruses have been classified into five groups based on their molecular<\/span> properties.<\/p>\n\n- Poliovirus: PV1 \u2013 PV3 <\/li>\n
- Human EV A (HEV-A): CVA2 \u2013 CVA9, CVA10, CVA12, CVA14, CVA16 and EV71 <\/li>\n
- Human EV B (HEV-B): CVA9, CVB1 \u2013 CVB6, E1 \u2013 E7, E9, E11 \u2013 E21, E24 \u2013 E27, E29 \u2013 E33, EV69<\/li>\n
- Human EV C (HEV-C): CVA1, CVA11, CVA13, CVA15, CVA17 \u2013 CVA22, CVA2<\/li>\n
- Human EV D (HEV-D): EV68, EV70, EV73 \u2013 EV75, EV77 \u2013 EV78<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Enteroviruses are the cause of many illnesses, including the common cold. Some of the coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and EV71 cause rashes (skin eruption<\/span> or skin eruption<\/span> as a symptom<\/span> of a more general disease) or enanthems (rash on the mucous<\/span> membranes). Cutaneous<\/span> Manifestations can be severe atypical<\/span> in some cases.<\/p>\n\n
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<\/span>Who gets enteroviral infections?<\/span><\/h2>\nEnteroviral infections are extended<\/span> and it is estimated that more than one billion people worldwide are affected annually. In the United States, between 30,000 and 50,000 hospitalizations each year are due to enteroviral infections. People at risk include:<\/p>\n\n- Infants and children<\/li>\n
- \nNeonates<\/span> acquiring infection<\/span> of mothers<\/li>\n
- \nImmunocompromised<\/span> patients<\/li>\n
- People in lower socioeconomic groups. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>How are enterovirus infections spread? <\/span><\/h2>\nEnteroviral infections are highly contagious. Enteroviruses are spread from person to person through:<\/p>\n
\n- oral-oral routes; for example, viruses are carried in respiratory droplets and spread when someone coughs and sneezes<\/li>\n
- Oral-faecal transmission<\/li>\n
- Direct contact with fluid from skin lesions.<\/li>\n
- From mother to child in the peripartum period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
the incubation<\/span> The period for enteroviruses is usually 2-5 days. Once someone is infected, enteroviruses implant and replicate in the alimentary tract.<\/p>\nIf the infection persists located<\/span> Usually there are no symptoms. However, if the virus passes to the lymphatic<\/span> system, generalized<\/span> poor well-being may develop. If the virus spreads to the bloodstream, more severe symptoms are experienced.<\/p>\n<\/span>What enteroviral infections cause skin signs?<\/span><\/h2>\nMany enteroviruses cause diseases with associated cutaneous or cutaneous diseases. mucous membrane<\/span> reactions <\/p>\nHerpangina<\/p>\n
\n- Herpangina is caused by Coxsackie group A, Coxsackie B, enterovirus 71, and echovirus.<\/li>\n
- The lesions develop in the mucous membranes<\/span>, more often in the previous<\/span> tonsils, uvula and soft palate of the mouth.<\/li>\n
- The lesions are characterized by a minute grayish white. papulovesicles<\/span> about 1\u20132 mm in diameter.<\/li>\n
- They are self-limited and resolve in 5 to 10 days.<\/li>\n
- Generalized symptoms include high fever<\/span>, headache, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and abdominal pain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Hand, foot and mouth disease<\/p>\n
\n- Hand, foot and mouth disease (enterovirals) stomatitis<\/span>) is caused by Coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71.<\/li>\n
- Oral lesions develop anywhere inside the mouth, but most often appear on the hard palate, tongue, cheeks, and gums.<\/li>\n
- Oral lesions begin as erythematous<\/span> macules<\/span>and papules<\/span> (flat, inflamed red spots) 2\u20138 mm in diameter and progress to form thin walls vesicles<\/span> (blisters) that burst and form painful ulcers<\/span> surrounded by a red halo. These heal without treatment for 5 to 10 days.<\/li>\n
- Skin lesions appear at the same time or shortly after oral lesions. There can be anywhere from a few to more than 100 injuries to the hands and feet.<\/li>\n
- Skin lesions begin as erythematous macules or papules that rapidly turn into small gray vesicles surrounded by a red halo. These lesions resolve spontaneously over 7-10 days without scarring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Boston exanthema<\/span> disease<\/p>\n\n- \nBoston disease rash is c<\/span>used by echovirus 16.<\/li>\n
- After a brief fever, pink macules and papules appear suddenly on the face and trunk, and less often on the extremities.<\/li>\n
- Small ulcers can also be found on the soft palate and tonsils.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis<\/p>\n
\n- \nEruptive <\/span>Pseudoangiomatosis is caused by echovirus 25 and 32, Coxsackie B, Epstein-Barr virus, and CMV.<\/li>\n
- Up to ten cherry-red lesions develop on the face, trunk, and extremities.<\/li>\n
- Pseudoangiomas are 2\u20134 mm in diameter and resemble a cherry. angiomas<\/span>.<\/li>\n
- They resolve spontaneously in ten days.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Other skin features are sometimes seen in enterovirus infections and include:<\/p>\n
\n- \nPustular<\/span> stomatitis with erythema<\/span> multiforme: caused by CVB5<\/li>\n
- Extended vesicular<\/span> rash (blisters): CVA4<\/li>\n
- \n
Childish papular<\/span> acrodermatitis (Gianotti-Crosti): CVA16<\/li>\n- Rubelliform rash (rash looks like rubella): E2<\/li>\n
- \nMorbid<\/span> rash (rash looks like measles): E6, E11, E25<\/li>\n
- \nPetechiae<\/span> (small purple spots or purple<\/span>): E11, E19<\/li>\n
- Dotted macular<\/span> rash: E19<\/li>\n
- A vesicular rash (blisters): E11<\/li>\n
- \nEczema<\/span> coxsackium (a serious infection associated with atopic<\/span> dermatitis<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
See enteroviral images.<\/p>\n
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<\/span>What are the complications of enteroviral infections?<\/span><\/h2>\nFewer than 1% of enterovirus infections cause severe symptomatic illness. Occasionally, enteroviruses can cause heart and nervous system complications, such as myocarditis<\/span>aseptic meningitis<\/span>, meningoencephalitis and paralysis<\/span>. <\/p>\n<\/span>How are enterovirus infections diagnosed?<\/span><\/h2>\nDiagnosis of enteroviral infections is based primarily on clinical findings.<\/p>\n
\n- Enterovirals PCR<\/span> assays are useful to confirm the pathogens<\/span>.<\/li>\n
- Serological tests and culture<\/span> of the virus are performed in rare cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>What is the treatment for enterovirus infections?<\/span><\/h2>\nTreatment is limited to supportive therapy.<\/p>\n
\n- Handwashing (especially after changing a diaper) and personal hygiene.<\/li>\n
- Disinfect surfaces and objects <\/li>\n
- avoid close contact <\/li>\n
- Hydration with plenty of fluids.<\/li>\n
- Antipyretics such as paracetamol for fever.<\/li>\n
- \n
mouthwashes containing current<\/span> anesthetics (2% lidocaine) and antihistamines (eg, diphenhydramine hydrochloride) to relieve oral pain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIntravenous immunoglobulin<\/span> It has been used for the treatment of enterovirus infection in symptomatic infants.<\/p>\nthe antiviral<\/span> The drug pleconaril has been shown to be an effective treatment in some severe enterovirus infections. Pleconaril is not available in New Zealand (Dec 2016).<\/p>\n<\/span>What is the outcome of enteroviral infections?<\/span><\/h2>\nMost enteroviral infections resolve spontaneously in 7 to 10 days. Skin lesions heal without scarring.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las infecciones enterovirales? Las infecciones enterovirales cubren una amplia gama de enfermedades causadas por enterovirus (EV). Son miembros de la Picornaviridae familia, que son peque\u00f1os, icosa\u00e9dricos, monocatenarios, de…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8050","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/8050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/8050\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}