{"id":16576,"date":"2020-04-28T20:50:22","date_gmt":"2020-04-28T23:50:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/es\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/"},"modified":"2020-05-03T15:37:12","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T18:37:12","slug":"evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/","title":{"rendered":"Principais evid\u00eancias de ensaios cl\u00ednicos para pembrolizumabe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Conte\u00fado<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar tabela de conte\u00fado\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Alternar<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Introduccion\" >Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Melanoma-metastasico\" >Melanoma metast\u00e1tico<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#El-estudio-KEYNOTE-001\" >O estudo KEYNOTE-001<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#El-estudio-KEYNOTE-002\" >O estudo KEYNOTE-002<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Eficacia\" >Efic\u00e1cia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Eventos-adversos\" >Eventos adversos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Calidad-de-vida-relacionada-con-la-salud\" >Qualidade de vida relacionada \u00e0 sa\u00fade<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#El-estudio-KEYNOTE-006\" >O estudo KEYNOTE-006<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Eficacia-2\" >Efic\u00e1cia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Calidad-de-vida-relacionada-con-la-salud-2\" >Qualidade de vida relacionada \u00e0 sa\u00fade<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Eventos-adversos-2\" >Eventos adversos<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wiki\/evidencia-clave-de-ensayos-clinicos-para-pembrolizumab\/#Conclusiones\" >Conclus\u00f5es<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"textBlock\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduccion\"><\/span>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pembrolizumabe (Keytruda<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>) \u00e9 um humanizado altamente seletivo <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"466\">monoclonal<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"425\">anticorpo<\/span> dirigido contra a morte celular programada 1 (PD-1) <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"782\">receptor<\/span> no <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"417\">C\u00e9lulas T<\/span>. A droga bloqueia o receptor PD-1, evitando assim a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de complexos do ligante 1 de morte celular programada (PD-L1). Este mecanismo provoca a ativa\u00e7\u00e3o de <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"631\">C\u00e9lula T<\/span> respostas imunol\u00f3gicas mediadas contra <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"289\">tumor<\/span> c\u00e9lulas.<\/p>\n<p>Em 4 de setembro de 2014, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dos Estados Unidos aprovou o pembrolizumabe como uma terapia inovadora para o tratamento de <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1000\">metast\u00e1tico<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1670\">melanoma<\/span>, com base nas taxas de resposta demonstradas em dados de ensaios cl\u00ednicos de 173 pacientes com melanoma em uma coorte do estudo KEYNOTE-001.<\/p>\n<p>Desde ent\u00e3o, os resultados de dois ensaios cl\u00ednicos adicionais (KEYNOTE-002 e KEYNOTE-006) continuaram a demonstrar o benef\u00edcio do pembrolizumab no tratamento do melanoma avan\u00e7ado irressec\u00e1vel ou metast\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<p>O pembrolizumabe est\u00e1 agora registrado para o tratamento de melanoma avan\u00e7ado (metast\u00e1tico ou irressec\u00e1vel) em muitos pa\u00edses ao redor do mundo, incluindo Europa, Reino Unido e Nova Zel\u00e2ndia.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textBlock imageLinkBlockTitle\">\n<h5 class=\"colour--primary\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Melanoma-metastasico\"><\/span>Melanoma metast\u00e1tico<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"imageLinkBlock\">\n<div class=\"flex\">\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='met\u00e1stase__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildfd-3014225-9358683' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/metastasis__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd-3014225.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Melanoma metast\u00e1tico subcut\u00e2neo<\/p>\n<div class=\"imageLinkBlock__item__image\">\n<p>                        <img alt='metast\u00e1tico-melanoma-01__protectwyjqcm90zwn0il0_focusfillwzi5ncwymjisingildfd-6690249-5297486' src='https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/metastatic-melanoma-01__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd-6690249.jpg'>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p-small\">Melanoma metast\u00e1tico <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"clearfix imageLinkBlock\"><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"El-estudio-KEYNOTE-001\"><\/span>O estudo KEYNOTE-001<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>a <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"914\">efic\u00e1cia<\/span> do pembrolizumabe foi investigado em um estudo multic\u00eantrico, <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1749\">abrir<\/span>, randomizado (1:1), estudo comparativo de dose de Fase 1b.<\/li>\n<li>Os principais crit\u00e9rios de elegibilidade foram melanoma irressec\u00e1vel ou metast\u00e1tico com progress\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a e refrat\u00e1rio ao tratamento com duas ou mais doses de ipilimumab (3 mg\/kg ou mais) e, se <em><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1085\">BRAF<\/span><\/em>  V600 <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"870\">muta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span>-positivo, um BRAF ou <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"614\">Inibidor de MEK<\/span>e progress\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a dentro de 24 semanas ap\u00f3s a \u00faltima dose de ipilimumabe.<\/li>\n<li>Os pacientes foram randomizados para receber 2 mg\/kg n=89 ou 10 mg\/kg n=84 de pembrolizumabe a cada 3 semanas at\u00e9 ser inaceit\u00e1vel. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1160\">toxicidade<\/span> ou progress\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a que era sintom\u00e1tica.<\/li>\n<li>A avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do estado do tumor foi realizada 12 semanas ap\u00f3s a primeira dose de pembrolizumab e a cada 12 semanas a partir de ent\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li>As principais medidas de resultados de efic\u00e1cia foram a dura\u00e7\u00e3o da resposta e a taxa de resposta global (ORR) confirmada de acordo com os Crit\u00e9rios de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Resposta no <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1128\">S\u00f3lido<\/span> Tumores (RECIST 1.1) avaliados por revis\u00e3o central independente e cega.<\/li>\n<li>A ORR foi 24% (CI 95%: 15-34) no bra\u00e7o de 2 mg\/kg, consistindo numa resposta completa e 20 respostas parciais.<\/li>\n<li>Entre os 21 pacientes com resposta objetiva, tr\u00eas (14%) tiveram progress\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a 2,8, 2,9 e 8,2 meses, respectivamente, ap\u00f3s a resposta inicial.<\/li>\n<li>A dura\u00e7\u00e3o da resposta nos 18 pacientes restantes (86%) variou de 1,4 a 8,5 meses e incluiu oito pacientes com respostas cont\u00ednuas de 6 meses ou mais.<\/li>\n<li>Resultados de ORR semelhantes foram observados no bra\u00e7o de 10 mg\/kg.<\/li>\n<li>A taxa de resposta n\u00e3o diferiu significativamente entre os pacientes que receberam tratamento pr\u00e9vio com ipilimumabe e aqueles que n\u00e3o receberam.<\/li>\n<li>A Tabela 1 apresenta <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1333\">Rea\u00e7\u00f5es adversas<\/span> identificado a partir de an\u00e1lises de 89 pacientes com melanoma irressec\u00e1vel ou metast\u00e1tico que receberam 2 mg\/kg de pembrolizumabe a cada 3 semanas.<\/li>\n<li>A dura\u00e7\u00e3o mediana da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao pembrolizumab foi de 6,2 meses (intervalo: 1 dia a 15,3 meses) com uma mediana de nove doses (intervalo: 1\u201323).<\/li>\n<li>O pembrolizumabe foi descontinuado em 6% dos 89 pacientes devido a rea\u00e7\u00f5es adversas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tabela 1. Rea\u00e7\u00f5es adversas relacionadas ao medicamento ocorreram em &gt;10% de pacientes no KEYNOTE-001<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"borders\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Pembrolizumabe 2 mg\/kg a cada 3 semanas (n = 89)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1794\">Rea\u00e7\u00e3o adversa<\/span><\/th>\n<th>Todas as avalia\u00e7\u00f5es (%)<\/th>\n<th>Grau 3 (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Perturba\u00e7\u00f5es gerais e condi\u00e7\u00f5es administrativas do site<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fadiga<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">47<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">7 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1374\">Perif\u00e9rico<\/span> <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"201\">edema<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">17<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frio<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">14<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pirexia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">11<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Problemas gastrointestinais<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diarr\u00e9ia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u00e1usea<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dor abdominal<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Dist\u00farbios respirat\u00f3rios<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tosse<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dispneia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">18 anos<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Doen\u00e7a de pele<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"255\">Erup\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">29<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"245\">Prurido<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitiligo<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">11<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"869\">M\u00fasculo-esquel\u00e9tico<\/span> desordens<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"601\">Artralgia<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"939\">Mialgia<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">14<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dor nas costas<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Doen\u00e7as do sistema nervoso<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dor de cabe\u00e7a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">dezesseis<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tontura<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">11<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Fun\u00e7\u00e3o do f\u00edgado<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aumento <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"988\">AST<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">24<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>AST: aspartato transaminase<\/p>\n<div id=\"square-placement-country-holder\" class=\"country-dependent advert\">\n<div class=\"box-placement square-placement\">\n<div class=\"advert__frame\">\n<div id=\"dermnet-dermnet-mobbox\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"El-estudio-KEYNOTE-002\"><\/span>O estudo KEYNOTE-002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eficacia\"><\/span>Efic\u00e1cia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>KEYNOTE-002 foi um estudo de fase II que avaliou a efic\u00e1cia e seguran\u00e7a de duas doses de pembrolizumabe em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a escolha do investigador <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1619\">quimioterapia<\/span> em pacientes com melanoma refrat\u00e1rio ao ipilimumabe.<\/li>\n<li>Os pacientes tinham <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1669\">histologicamente<\/span> ou melanoma irressec\u00e1vel em est\u00e1gio III ou IV confirmado citologicamente que progrediu dentro de 24 semanas ap\u00f3s a \u00faltima dose de ipilimumabe (m\u00ednimo de duas doses, 3 mg\/kg uma vez a cada 3 semanas) e\/ou recebeu tratamento pr\u00e9vio com inibidores de BRAF ou MEK, ou ambos (se mutante positivo).<\/li>\n<li>Os pacientes foram randomizados (1:1:1) para receber pembrolizumabe intravenoso 2 mg\/kg ou 10 mg\/kg a cada 3 semanas ou quimioterapia de escolha do investigador (paclitaxel mais carboplatina, paclitaxel, carboplatina, dacarbazina ou temozolomida oral).<\/li>\n<li>As avalia\u00e7\u00f5es do tumor foram realizadas antes do in\u00edcio do tratamento do estudo (<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1747\">base<\/span>), na semana 12, a cada 6 semanas at\u00e9 a semana 48 e, a partir de ent\u00e3o, a cada 12 semanas.<\/li>\n<li>a <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"949\">prim\u00e1rio<\/span> O ponto final foi a sobrevida livre de progress\u00e3o, o tempo desde <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1748\">Randomization<\/span> primeira progress\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a documentada pelo RECIST v1.1 por revis\u00e3o central independente, ou morte por qualquer causa, o que ocorrer primeiro.<\/li>\n<li>Os resultados est\u00e3o resumidos na Tabela 2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tabela 2. Resumo dos par\u00e2metros de efic\u00e1cia no KEYNOTE-002.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"borders\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th> <\/th>\n<th>Pembrolizumabe 2 mg\/kg (n=180)<\/th>\n<th>Pembrolizumabe 10 mg\/kg (n = 181)<\/th>\n<th>Quimioterapia <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1854\">ao controle<\/span> (n = 179)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\">Sobrevida livre de progress\u00e3o (% de pacientes) avaliada pelo RECIST v1.1 pela revis\u00e3o do investigador<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sem progress\u00e3o aos 6 meses.<\/td>\n<td>3326<\/td>\n<td>45% (37\u201352)<\/td>\n<td>15% (10\u201321)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sem progress\u00e3o aos 9 meses.<\/td>\n<td>32% (25\u201340)<\/td>\n<td>36% (29\u201344)<\/td>\n<td>10% (6\u201315)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\">Sobrevida livre de progress\u00e3o (% de pacientes) avaliada pelo RECIST v1.1 modificado por revis\u00e3o central independente<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sem progress\u00e3o aos 6 meses.<\/td>\n<td>43% (35\u201350)<\/td>\n<td>48% (40\u201355)<\/td>\n<td>17% (12\u201323)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sem progress\u00e3o aos 9 meses.<\/td>\n<td>35% (27\u201343)<\/td>\n<td>38% (30\u201346)<\/td>\n<td>10% (6-16)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\">Melhor resposta global (n\u00ba de pacientes) avaliada pelo RECIST v1.1 por revis\u00e3o central independente<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Resposta completa<\/td>\n<td>4 (2%)<\/td>\n<td>5 (3%)<\/td>\n<td>0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Resposta parcial<\/td>\n<td>34 (19%)<\/td>\n<td>41 (23%)<\/td>\n<td>8 (4%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1759\">Progressivo<\/span> doen\u00e7a<\/td>\n<td>84 (47%)<\/td>\n<td>86 (48%)<\/td>\n<td>111 (62%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>RECIST, Crit\u00e9rios de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Resposta em Tumores S\u00f3lidos<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eventos-adversos\"><\/span><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"909\">Eventos adversos<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>a <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"578\">incid\u00eancia<\/span> de eventos adversos relacionados ao medicamento de grau 3-4 KEYNOTE-002 maior em pacientes tratados com quimioterapia em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com aqueles tratados com pembrolizumabe.<\/li>\n<li>Os eventos adversos mais comuns relacionados ao tratamento quimioter\u00e1pico foram <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"824\">alopecia<\/span>, <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"598\">anemia<\/span>, diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do apetite, fadiga, n\u00e1useas e v\u00f3mitos.<\/li>\n<li>Os eventos adversos mais comuns relacionados ao tratamento com pembrolizumabe foram erup\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea, prurido e diarreia.<\/li>\n<li>A Tabela 3 \u00e9 um resumo dos eventos adversos no KEYNOTE-002.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tabela 3. Resumo de eventos adversos \u2013 KEYNOTE-002<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"borders\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"908\">Acontecimento adverso<\/span><\/th>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Pembrolizumabe 2 mg\/kg (n = 178)<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Pembrolizumabe 10 mg\/kg (n=179)<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Controle quimioter\u00e1pico (n = 171)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>1\u00aa a 2\u00aa s\u00e9ries<\/th>\n<th>3\u00aa s\u00e9rie<\/th>\n<th>4\u00aa s\u00e9rie<\/th>\n<th>1\u00aa a 2\u00aa s\u00e9ries<\/th>\n<th>3\u00aa s\u00e9rie<\/th>\n<th>4\u00aa s\u00e9rie<\/th>\n<th>1\u00aa a 2\u00aa s\u00e9ries<\/th>\n<th>3\u00aa s\u00e9rie<\/th>\n<th>4\u00aa s\u00e9rie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fadiga<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">38 (21%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2 (1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">51 (28%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">54 (32%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">8 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prurido<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">37 (21%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">42 (23%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">6 (4%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u00e1usea<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">8 (4%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">15 (8%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">52 (30%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">3 (2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do apetite<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">8 (4%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">15 (8%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2 (1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">26 (15%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Anemia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">4 (2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">7 (4%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">26 (15%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">9 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Erup\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">21 (12%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">18 (10%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">8 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alopecia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">5 (3%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">24 (20%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V\u00f4mito<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">9 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">22 (13%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">3 (2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Artralgia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">12 (7%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">10 (6%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">8 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mialgia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">7 (4%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2 (1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">7 7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">9 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diarr\u00e9ia<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">15 (8%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">17 (9%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2 (1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">11 (6%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">3 (2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1814\">Neutropenia<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1 (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">8 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">4 (2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2 (1%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"1812\">Leucopenia<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">0 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">8 (5%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">4 (2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2 (1%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Calidad-de-vida-relacionada-con-la-salud\"><\/span>Qualidade de vida relacionada \u00e0 sa\u00fade<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A qualidade de vida relacionada \u00e0 sa\u00fade (QVRS) foi avaliada usando os escores do Status de Sa\u00fade Global (GHS)\/QVRS da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia para Pesquisa e Tratamento de Doen\u00e7as. <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"30\">C\u00e2ncer<\/span> Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) no in\u00edcio do estudo, semanas 3, 6, 12, 24 e 36, na interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do tratamento e durante o acompanhamento de seguran\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<li>A QVRS foi mantida em maior grau com pembrolizumabe versus quimioterapia, com menos pacientes tratados com pembrolizumabe apresentando deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o na PIG na semana 12 (31,81 pacientes TP1T com pembrolizumabe 2 mg\/kg, 26,6% para 10 mg\/kg e 38,3% para quimioterapia).<\/li>\n<li>Os resultados est\u00e3o resumidos na Tabela 4.<\/li>\n<li>Al\u00e9m da pontua\u00e7\u00e3o GHS\/HRQoL, os pacientes nos dois bra\u00e7os do pembrolizumabe apresentaram altera\u00e7\u00f5es longitudinais consistentemente menores desde o in\u00edcio at\u00e9 a semana 12 em todas as escalas funcionais, incluindo fun\u00e7\u00f5es f\u00edsicas, cognitivas, sociais e emocionais, e em escalas de sintomas, incluindo fadiga, n\u00e1useas\/v\u00f4mitos, dor, dispneia, ins\u00f4nia, perda de apetite, pris\u00e3o de ventre e diarreia. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tabela 4. Mudan\u00e7a da linha de base para a semana 12 na pontua\u00e7\u00e3o GHS EORTC QLQ-C30 no KEYNOTE-002<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"borders\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">Bra\u00e7o de tratamento<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Base<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Semana 12<\/th>\n<th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">Altera\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00e9dia dos m\u00ednimos quadrados na linha de base (IC 95%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>norte<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e9dia \u00b1 DP<\/th>\n<th>norte<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e9dia \u00b1 DP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Pembrolizumabe 2 mg\/kg Q3W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>169<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>66,2\u00b122,1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>120<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>66,3\u00b123,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u22122,6 (\u22126,2 a 1,0)<sup>uma<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Pembrolizumabe 10 mg\/kg Q3W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>168<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>62,9\u00b123,6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>132<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>64,3\u00b122,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-2,6 (\u22126,0 a 0,9)<sup>uma<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Quimioterapia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>155<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>64,0\u00b121,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>108<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>59,0\u00b123,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u22129,1 (\u221212,9 t \u22125,4)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>uma <em>P<\/em> = 0,01 versus quimioterapia.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"El-estudio-KEYNOTE-006\"><\/span>O estudo KEYNOTE-006<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eficacia-2\"><\/span>Efic\u00e1cia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>O estudo de Fase III KEYNOTE-006 mostrou <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"277\">superior<\/span> Sobrevida global e livre de progress\u00e3o de pembrolizumabe versus ipilimumabe em pacientes com melanoma avan\u00e7ado.<\/li>\n<li>834 pacientes com melanoma avan\u00e7ado foram inclu\u00eddos e designados aleatoriamente para receber pembrolizumabe por via intravenosa a cada 2 semanas (n = 279), por via intravenosa a cada 3 semanas (n = 277) ou ipilimumabe por via intravenosa a cada 3 semanas (n = 278).<\/li>\n<li>O acompanhamento m\u00e9dio foi de 22,9 meses.<\/li>\n<li>As taxas de sobrevida livre de progress\u00e3o estimadas em 6 meses foram de 47,3% para pacientes que receberam pembrolizumabe a cada 2 semanas, 46,4% para aqueles que receberam pembrolizumabe a cada 3 semanas e 26,5% para aqueles que receberam ipilimumabe.<\/li>\n<li>As estimativas de sobrevida global em um ano foram de 74,1% para pacientes que receberam pembrolizumabe a cada 2 semanas (taxa de risco para morte em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o grupo ipilimumabe, 0,63; IC 95%, 0,47\u20130,83; p &lt; 0,0005), 68,4% para aqueles que receberam pembrolizumabe a cada 2 semanas. 3 semanas (taxa de risco para morte em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o grupo ipilimumab, 0,69; 95% CI, 0,52 a 0,90; p = 0,0036) e 58,2% para aqueles que receberam ipilimumab.<\/li>\n<li>A taxa de sobreviv\u00eancia global aos 24 meses foi de 55% no grupo de 2 semanas, 55% no grupo de 3 semanas e 43% no grupo de ipilimumab.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Calidad-de-vida-relacionada-con-la-salud-2\"><\/span>Qualidade de vida relacionada \u00e0 sa\u00fade<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A avalia\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria do resultado relacionado ao paciente no KEYNOTE-006 foi a altera\u00e7\u00e3o da pontua\u00e7\u00e3o desde o in\u00edcio at\u00e9 a semana 12 na pontua\u00e7\u00e3o EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS\/HRQoL entre os bra\u00e7os de tratamento, usando an\u00e1lise de dados longitudinais restrita.<\/li>\n<li>Desde o in\u00edcio at\u00e9 a semana 12, os escores GHS\/QVRS foram mantidos melhor com pembrolizumabe do que com ipilimumabe (diminui\u00e7\u00e3o de -1,9 e -2,5 para pembrolizumabe vs -10,0 para ipilimumabe; p &lt; 0,001 para cada bra\u00e7o de pembrolizumabe vs ipilimumabe; ver Tabela 5).<\/li>\n<li>Menos pacientes tratados com pembrolizumabe apresentaram deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o no GHS na semana 12 (31% para pembrolizumabe a cada 2 semanas; 29% para pembrolizumabe a cada 3 semanas e 44% para ipilimumabe), com tend\u00eancias semelhantes observadas para funcionamento individual e escalas de sintomas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tabela 5. Mudan\u00e7a da linha de base para a semana 12 na pontua\u00e7\u00e3o EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS \u2013 KEYNOTE-006<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"borders\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th rowspan=\"2\">Tratamento<\/th>\n<th rowspan=\"2\">norte<\/th>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>Semana 12<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Mudan\u00e7a da linha de base<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Metade de)<\/th>\n<th>norte<\/th>\n<th>Metade de)<\/th>\n<th>LS M\u00e9dio (IC 95%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pembrolizumabe 10 mg\/kg Q2W<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">239<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">71,4 (20,4)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">172<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">71,1 (19,3)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\u22121,9 (\u22124,86 a 1,01)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pembrolizumabe 10 mg\/kg Q3W<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">230<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">70,5 (21,9)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">188<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">69,5 (22,3)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\u22122,5 (\u22125,32 a 0,37)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ipilimumab<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">213<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">67,4 (24,0)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">149<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">64,3 (25,8)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\u221210,0 (\u221213,16 a \u22126,85)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>IC, intervalo de confian\u00e7a; EORTC QLQ-C30, Question\u00e1rio de Qualidade de Vida da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Europeia para Pesquisa e Tratamento do C\u00e2ncer-Core 30; GHS, estado de sa\u00fade global; LS, m\u00ednimos quadrados; Q2W, a cada 2 semanas; Q3W, a cada 3 semanas; DP, desvio padr\u00e3o<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eventos-adversos-2\"><\/span>Eventos adversos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>No KEYNOTE-006, os eventos adversos mais comuns relacionados ao tratamento de qualquer grau que ocorreram nos grupos de pembrolizumabe foram fadiga (20,9% no grupo de 2 semanas e 19,1% no grupo de 3 semanas), diarreia (16,9% e 14,41 TP1T, respectivamente), erup\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea (14.7% e 13.4%, respectivamente) e prurido (14.4% e 14.1%, respectivamente).<\/li>\n<li>Para o ipilimumabe, os eventos adversos mais comuns foram prurido (25,4%), diarreia (22,7%), fadiga (15,2%) e erup\u00e7\u00e3o cut\u00e2nea (14,5%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusiones\"><\/span>Conclus\u00f5es<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Os resultados dos ensaios KEYNOTE-001, KEYSTONE-002 e KEYSTONE-006 estabelecem o pembrolizumab como um novo padr\u00e3o de tratamento para o melanoma e apoiam a aprova\u00e7\u00e3o acelerada concedida pela FDA dos EUA para o uso de pembrolizumab em pacientes com melanoma irressec\u00e1vel ou metast\u00e1tico cuja doen\u00e7a progrediu ap\u00f3s o ipilimumabe e, se <em>BRAF<\/em> Mutante positivo V600, um <span class=\"term\" data-term-id=\"602\">Inibidor BRAF<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>A QVRS foi mantida melhor com pembrolizumabe do que com quimioterapia (KEYNOTE-002) ou ipilimumabe (KEYNOTE-006), apoiando ainda mais o uso de pembrolizumabe em pacientes com melanoma refrat\u00e1rio ao ipilimumabe.<\/li>\n<li>No geral, a combina\u00e7\u00e3o de sobrevida livre de progress\u00e3o prolongada e sobrevida global, menor incid\u00eancia de toxicidade de alto grau e melhor QVRS proporcionada pelo pembrolizumabe em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com ipilimumabe ou quimioterapia, apoia o uso deste medicamento como padr\u00e3o de tratamento para pacientes com doen\u00e7a avan\u00e7ada. melanoma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section class=\"textBlock\">\n<div class=\"grey-box\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 0.9em\">As folhas de dados aprovadas da Nova Zel\u00e2ndia s\u00e3o a fonte oficial de informa\u00e7\u00f5es para esses medicamentos controlados, incluindo usos aprovados e informa\u00e7\u00f5es de risco. Veja a folha de dados individual da Nova Zel\u00e2ndia no site da Medsafe.<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introducci\u00f3n Pembrolizumab (Keytruda\u00ae) es un humanizado altamente selectivo monoclonal anticuerpo dirigido contra la muerte celular programada 1 (PD-1) receptor en C\u00e9lulas T. El f\u00e1rmaco bloquea el receptor PD-1, evitando as\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16576","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","format-standard","category-glosario-definiciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/16576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16576"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/16576\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doctorhoogstra.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}