Atypical fibroxanthoma

What is it atypical fibroxanthoma?

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a dermal spindle cell tumor It usually occurs on the head and neck of sun damaged older people. Tumor growth should be considered a skin type. Cancer but can behave in a benign Fashion.

A rare type of atypical fibroxanthoma occurs in younger patients on parts of the body that are not normally overexposed to the sun. These tumors are usually found on the trunk and extremities and tend to be larger and slower growing.

What causes atypical fibroxanthoma?

The development of atypical fibroxanthomas is associated with aging, sun exposure (Ultraviolet radiation) and/or ionizing radiation (X-rays). Both forms of radiation can cause abnormal growth of atypicals. spindle cells. They are believed to come from fibrous cells in the dermis or of epidermal keratinocytes.

Who gets atypical fibroxanthoma?

Reports have shown an increase incidence of atypical fibroxanthoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in immunocompromised patients, for example due to an organ transplant.

Atypical fibroxanthoma affects both sexes equally, with a mean age of 69 years at the time of diagnosis.

What are the clinical characteristics of atypical fibroxanthoma?

Atypical fibroxanthoma often appears in areas that have received excessive sun exposure, usually around the scalp, ears, nose, cheeks, and back of the neck, or in areas where people may have previously received radiotherapy treatment. They have also been reported to occur on the trunk, extremities, and in areas protected from the sun.

• A solitary tumor or multiple tumors may occur.
• Typically, AFX is a red, juicy, dome-shaped nodule which may be bleeding, ulcerated or crusted.
• The tumor begins as a small nodule that grows rapidly over 6 months to a size of approximately 2-3 cm.
• Four times more tumors are diagnosed in the head and neck than in other sites of the body.

Although it's strange cutaneous metastasis of atypical fibroxanthoma have been reported.

How is atypical fibroxanthoma diagnosed?

Because atypical fibroxanthoma can look like other types of skin cancer, it is usually diagnosed by a pathologist after a skin biopsy or excision.

The diagnosis depends on finding large, pleomorphic, fibrocytic, spindle-shaped, anaplastic Tumor cells arranged randomly in the dermis. Immunohistochemistry Staining should be done, but may be nonspecific. Cytokeratin and melanoma The stains are negative.

Dermoscopic features may resemble those of basal cell carcinoma or scaly cell carcinoma

Which is the differential diagnosis for atypical fibroxanthoma?

Other injuries to consider in the differential include:

• Pyogenic granuloma
• Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma
• Spindle cell melanoma
• Superficial portion of a evil one fibrous histiocytoma
• Leiomyosarcoma.

What is the treatment of atypical fibroxanthoma?

Atypical fibroxanthoma is treated by complete surgical excision. Small lesions can be removed by curettage. Mohs micrographic surgery is becoming the treatment of choice for large or recurrent lesions, as it reliably removes the entire tumor while sparing the normal healthy tissue surrounding it.

What is the outcome for atypical fibroxanthoma?

Atypical fibroxanthoma rarely recurs after complete excision with clear margins. Reappearance and metastasis are more likely in people who are immunosuppressed.

How is atypical fibroxanthoma prevented?

Most cases of atypical fibroxanthoma could be prevented by avoiding excessive sun exposure. Patients are advised to follow sun protection methods when outdoors.